Ab calculus limits

Differential calculus arises from the study of the limit of a quotient. It deals with variables such as x and y, functions f(x), and the corresponding changes in the variables x and y. The symbol dy and dx are called differentials. The process of finding the derivatives is called differentiation. The derivative of a function is represented by ...

Ab calculus limits. Here's my first AP review video :D. I cover all the basics you have to know about limits (notation, how to calculate them, etc.) and talk a bit about discont...

Changing the starting point ("a") would change the area by a constant, and the derivative of a constant is zero. Another way to answer is that in the proof of the fundamental theorem, which is provided in a later video, whatever value we use as the starting point gets cancelled out.

Formal definition of limits Part 1: intuition review. (Opens a modal) Formal definition of limits Part 2: building the idea. (Opens a modal) Formal definition of limits Part 3: the definition. (Opens a modal) Formal definition of limits Part 4: using the definition. (Opens a modal) The AP® Calculus AB exam is a 3-hour and 15-minute, end-of-course test comprised of 45 multiple-choice questions (50% of the exam) and 6 free-response questions (50% of the exam). The exam covers the following course content categories: Limits and Continuity: 10–12% of test questions. Differentiation: Definition and Basic Derivative Rules ... we can make f(x) as close to L as we want by taking x sufficiently close to a (on either side of a) without letting x = a. Right hand limit : lim f(x) = L. This has the. x!a+. same definition as the limit except it requires x > a. There is a similar definition for lim f(x) = L. x!1. except we require x large and negative.There are three main existence theorems in calculus: the intermediate value theorem, the extreme value theorem, and the mean value theorem. ... AP®︎ Calculus AB (2017 edition) 12 units · 160 skills. Unit 1. Limits and continuity. Unit 2. Derivatives introduction. Unit 3. Derivative rules. Unit 4. Advanced derivatives .LO 1.1 C. Determine limits of functions. LO 1.1 D. Deduce and interpret behavior of funcitons using limits. LO 1.2 A. Analyze functions for intervals of ...Calculus AB: Sample Syllabus 1 Syllabus 1544617v1. Advanced Placement Calculus AB. The overall goal of this course is to help students understand and apply the three big ideas of AB Calculus: limits, derivatives, and integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Imbedded throughout the big ideas are the mathematical practices for AP ...Notes for AP Calculus AB, topic 1.2 Defining Limits and Using Limit Notation. AP Calculus.

Transcript. Discover the Intermediate Value Theorem, a fundamental concept in calculus that states if a function is continuous over a closed interval [a, b], it encompasses every value between f (a) and f (b) within that range. Dive into this foundational theorem and explore its connection to continuous functions and their behavior on intervals.This video covers limits of trigonometric functions, focusing on sine, cosine, and tangent. It emphasizes that sine and cosine are continuous and defined for all real numbers, so their limits can be found using direct substitution. For tangent and cotangent, limits depend on whether the point is in their domain. Questions.This calculus 1 final exam review contains plenty of multiple choice and free response problems covering topics such as limits, continuity, derivatives, and ...A calculus course will usually start from scratch with limits, so having previous experience with limits is helpful, but not strictly necessary. You should be very comfortable with algebra and algebraic manipulations. Most calculus problems consist of many lines of algebra, and just a little calculus at the beginning or end.Advanced Math Solutions - Limits Calculator, the basics The limit of a function is a fundamental concept in calculus concerning the behavior of that function near a particular... Enter a problemCourses on Khan Academy are always 100% free. Start practicing—and saving your progress—now: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-calculus-ab/ab-limits-new/a...♾️ AP Calculus AB/BC 📌 Exam Date: May 13, 2024. ... AP Calc AB Cram Unit 1: Limits and Continuity. slides by Meghan Dwyer. AP Calc AB Cram Unit 2: Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties. slides by Jamil Siddiqui.AP Calculus AB – Worksheet 11 Limits – The Difference Quotient/The Squeeze Theorem The only limits to the possibilities in your life tomorrow are the “buts” you use today.– Les Brown For #1-4, find 0 lim x f x x f x 'o x 1. f x x23 2 2. f x x x 4 3. fx 4 x 4. f x x Use the graph of fx fx shown below to answer 5-7.

The emphasis is on the interplay between the geometric and analytic information and on the use calculus both to predict and to explain the observed local and global behavior of a function. Limits of functions (including one-sided limits). An intuitive understanding of the limiting process. Calculating limits using algebra.Removable discontinuities. Let g ( x) = x 2 − x − 12 x − 4 when x ≠ 4 . g is continuous for all real numbers. Find g ( 4) . Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class ...4. Find the following limits involving absolute values. (a) lim x!1 x2 1 jx 1j (b) lim x! 2 1 jx+ 2j + x2 (c) lim x!3 x2jx 3j x 3 5. Find the value of the parameter kto make the following limit exist and be nite. What is then the value of the limit? lim x!5 x2 + kx 20 x 5 6. Answer the following questions for the piecewise de ned function f(x ...Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: To solve this, find where the function cannot exist. Here, the function cannot exist if the denominator is zero. This happens at x=2 and x=-2. Graph the function on a graphing calculator or by hand to see that the function never crosses these vertical lines.But even when the two-sided limit does exist, but the limit is a different value than the value of the function, that will also not be continuous. The only situation that it's going to be continuous is if the two-sided limit approaches the same value as the value of the function. And if that's true, then we're continuous.

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Limits by factoring. Google Classroom. About. Transcript. In this video, we explore the limit of (x²+x-6)/ (x-2) as x approaches 2. By factoring and simplifying the expression, we discover that the function is undefined at x = 2, but its limit from both sides as x approaches 2 is in fact 5. Created by Sal Khan.A limit allows us to examine the tendency of a function around a given point even when the function is not defined at the point. Let us look at the function below. f (x) = x2 −1 x −1. Since its denominator is zero when x = 1, f (1) is undefined; however, its limit at x = 1 exists and indicates that the function value approaches 2 there. lim ...x → ∞. x. 4 − 3 x + 7. If the x with the largest exponent is in the numerator, the numerator is growing faster as x → ∞ . The function behaves like the resulting function when you divide the. with the largest exponent in the numerator by the x with the largest exponent in the denominator. 3 + x. 5. lim = ∞.The five sections are: Section 1: Limits. Section 2: Derivatives. Section 3: Integrals and Differential Equations. Section 4: Polar Coordinates, Parametric, Equations, and Vector-Valued Functions. Section 5: Infinite Series. Check out the complete list of AP Calculus AB formulas and remember to save the PDF. Good luck!

AP Calculus AB — Limits. This is our free AP Calculus AB unit test on limits. These questions cover basic limits, limit properties, limits of infinity, limits at infinity, and L'Hopital's rule. Understanding these properties of limits is very important when analyzing the behavior of functions and evaluating integrals.Approximating limits using tables. In this video, we learn about estimating limit values from tables. The main points are approximating the limit from the left (values less than the target) and the right (values greater than the target). By getting closer to the target value from both sides, we can estimate the limit even if the expression is ...The limit of a function gives the value of the function as it gets infinitely closer to an x value. If the function approaches 4 from the left side of, say, x=-1, and 9 from the right side, the function doesn't approach any one number. The limit from the left and right exist, but the limit of a function can't be 2 y values.Infinite limits: graphical. Consider graphs A, B, and C. The dashed lines represent asymptotes. Which graphs agree with this statement? Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class ...Continuity over an interval. Google Classroom. These are the graphs of functions f and g . Dashed lines represent asymptotes. Which functions are continuous over the interval [ − 2, 4] ? Choose all answers that apply: A. B. None of the above. AP CALCULUS AB REVIEW SHEET LIMITS sin LIMITS LAWS lim ... Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 1 If ( ) is continuous on [a, b] and 𝐹( ) is the This calculus 1 final exam review contains plenty of multiple choice and free response problems covering topics such as limits, continuity, derivatives, and ...1. The AP Calculus of Evidence. AB syllabus includes a list of the following units listed in the AP Course and Exam Description (CED), with the big ideas of Limits, Change, and Analysis of Functions appearing in the units as described in the CED: Unit 1: Limits and Continuity Unit 2: Diferentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties Unit 3 ...Find the volume of the solid generated when R is rotated about the horizontal line y 3. = −. Write, but do not evaluate, an integral expression that can be used to find the volume of the solid generated when R is rotated about the y-axis. ln ( x ) x = 2 when x 0.15859 and 3.14619. − = Let S 0.15859 and T = = 3.14619. (a) Area of.

Differential Equations. Slope Fields. Introduction to Differential Equations. Separable Equations. Exponential Growth and Decay. Free Calculus worksheets created with Infinite Calculus. Printable in convenient PDF format.

Transcript. In this video, we learn about limits, a fundamental concept in calculus. Limits help us understand what a function approaches as the input gets closer to a certain value, …JMAP FOR CALCULUS PRACTICE WORKSHEETS: LIMITS (AB/BC) Limits: One-Sided Limits, Limits at Infinity: Limits That Do not Exist: Finding Limits Using Other Methods: Limits Using L'Hospital's Rule: Continuous Functions: Discontinuities: DERIVATIVES (AB/BC) Average Rate of Change: Instantaneous Rate of Change: Derivatives: Definition of Derivative ...28 Aug 2012 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Version #1. The course below follows CollegeBoard's Course and Exam Description. It was built for a 45-minute class period that meets every day, so the lessons are shorter than our Calculus Version #2. Unit 0 - Calc Prerequisites (Summer Work) 0.1 Summer Packet. Unit 1 - Limits and Continuity.Transcript. This video explores estimating one-sided limit values from graphs. As x approaches 6 from the left, the function becomes unbounded with an asymptote, making the left-sided limit nonexistent. However, when approaching 6 from the right, the function approaches -3, indicating that the right-handed limit exists.Differential calculus arises from the study of the limit of a quotient. It deals with variables such as x and y, functions f(x), and the corresponding changes in the variables x and y. The symbol dy and dx are called differentials. The process of finding the derivatives is called differentiation. The derivative of a function is represented by ...Limits of combined functions: sums and differences. Functions h and g are graphed. Find lim x → 3 ( h ( x) − g ( x)) . The limit doesn't exist. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free ...Unit 1: Limits and continuity. 0/2900 Mastery points. About the course Analyzing limits graphically Analyzing limits numerically One-sided limits Continuity Limit rules for sums, differences, products, quotients, & composites Determining limits using direct substitution. Determining limits by factoring & rationalizing Trigonometric limits ...In Mathematics, a limit is defined as a value that a function approaches the output for the given input values. Limits are important in calculus and mathematical analysis and used to define integrals, derivatives, and continuity. It is used in the analysis process, and it always concerns about the behaviour of the function at a particular point.My AP Calculus AB and BC Ultimate Review Packets:AB: https://bit.ly/KristaABBC: https://bit.ly/KristaBCBefore you watch this video all about Unit 3 of AP C...

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We are given that f is continuous. So, according to the intermediate value theorem, f ( x) = 200 must have a solution when x is between x = 0 and x = 5 . Yes, Isla's justification is complete. Yes, Isla's justification is complete. No, Isla didn't establish that 200 is between f ( 0) and f ( 5) . No, Isla didn't establish that 200 is between f ...Scoring notes: • To earn the point the interpretation must include "medication in the patient," "approaches 12," and units (milligrams), or their equivalents. Total for part (b) 1 point. (c) Use separation of variables to find y = A ( t ) , the particular solution to the differential equation dy = dt. 12 − y.AP Calculus AB solved free response questions from past exams. Unit 10. AP®︎ Calculus AB Standards mappings. Course challenge. Test your knowledge of the skills in this course. Start Course challenge. ... Definite integral as the limit of a Riemann sum Get 3 of 4 questions to level up! Quiz 1.Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.AP Calculus Exam Review: Notation of Limits. The AP exam writes limits in the following manner: The first example above is read as the 'the limit of f (x), as x approaches n'. If we look at the three examples, we'll notice that sometimes you'll see a + or a - in the limit. If we see a +, this means 'from the right' or 'from the ...Courses on Khan Academy are always 100% free. Start practicing—and saving your progress—now: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-calculus-ab/ab-limits-new/a...Recall from The Limit of a Function the definition of a limit of a function of one variable: Let f(x) be defined for all x ≠ a in an open interval containing a. Let L be a real number. Then. lim x → af(x) = L. if for every ϵ > 0, there exists a δ > 0, such that if 0 < | x − a | < δ for all x in the domain of f, then.The limit is unbounded. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.Limits and continuity are topics that show up frequently on both the AP Calculus AB and BC exams. In this article, we’ll discuss a few different techniques for finding limits. We’ll also see the “three-part” definition for continuity and how to use it. Keep in mind this is just a short review.First lets establish a closed interval where the function is continuous. f (x) is continuous for x >= 0 since the function is made by adding multiple square root functions which are also continuous for x>= 0. Second, lets find a, and b by experimenting with different x-values. f (0) = 0^ (1/2) + (0+1)^ (1/2) - 4.Limit Calculator. x → ∞lim 36 x2 + 7 x + 49 − 6 x. Input recognizes various synonyms for functions like asin, arsin, arcsin, sin^-1. Multiplication sign and brackets are additionally placed - entry 2sinx is similar to 2*sin (x) List of mathematical functions and constants: • ln (x) — natural logarithm. • sin (x) — sine.AP Calculus AB Limits and Continuity Worksheet ~ '2. Limits andContinuity Concepts and Skills In this section students will review the following topics: • General properties of limits • How to find limits using algebraic expressions, tables, and graphs. • Horizontal and vertical asymptote • Continuity • Removable, jump, and infinite ... ….

About this unit. Limits describe the behavior of a function as we approach a certain input value, regardless of the function's actual value there. Continuity requires that the behavior of a function around a point matches the function's value at that point. These simple yet powerful ideas play a major role in all of calculus.Performing u ‍ -substitution with definite integrals is very similar to how it's done with indefinite integrals, but with an added step: accounting for the limits of integration. Let's see what this means by finding ∫ 1 2 2 x ( x 2 + 1 ) 3 d x ‍ .Calculus 1 - Limits - Worksheet 13 - Continuity 1. Is the function (𝑥)=𝑥 2−9 𝑥+3 continuous at 𝑥=−3? Explain your reasoning. 2. Is the function ℎ(𝑥)={3−𝑥𝑥<2 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥≥2 continuous at 𝑥=2? Explain your reasoning.4. Find the following limits involving absolute values. (a) lim x!1 x2 1 jx 1j (b) lim x! 2 1 jx+ 2j + x2 (c) lim x!3 x2jx 3j x 3 5. Find the value of the parameter kto make the following limit exist and be nite. What is then the value of the limit? lim x!5 x2 + kx 20 x 5 6. Answer the following questions for the piecewise de ned function f(x ...AP Calculus AB Scores. AP scores are reported from 1 to 5. Colleges are generally looking for a 4 or 5 on the AP Calculus AB exam, but some may grant credit for a 3. Learn more about college AP credit policies. Each test is curved so scores vary from year to year. Here's how AP Calculus AB students scored on the May 2022 test: Score.Title: Calculus_Cheat_Sheet_All Author: ptdaw Created Date: 11/2/2022 7:20:00 AMSo in that video, we just said, "Hey, "one could say that this limit is unbounded." But what we're going to do in this video is introduce new notation. Instead of just saying it's unbounded, we could say, "Hey, from both the left and the right it looks like we're going to positive infinity".Formal definition of limits Part 1: intuition review. Discover the essence of limits in calculus as we prepare to dive into the formal definition. Enhance your understanding of this fundamental concept by reviewing how function values approach a specific limit as the input variable gets closer to a certain point. Ab calculus limits, Buy our AP Calculus workbook at https://www.flippedmath.com/store-front.html#/Need a tutor? Click this link and get your first session free! https://gradeg..., This video covers limits of trigonometric functions, focusing on sine, cosine, and tangent. It emphasizes that sine and cosine are continuous and defined for all real numbers, so their limits can be found using direct substitution. For tangent and cotangent, limits depend on whether the point is in their domain. Questions., Buy our AP Calculus workbook at https://store.flippedmath.com/collections/workbooksFor notes, practice problems, and more lessons visit the Calculus course o..., Calculus AB Sample Syllabus #1 Course Overview Course Overview: AP ® Calculus AB is equivalent to a first-semester college calculus course. Topics include functions, limits and continuity, derivatives, and integrals. The course will focus on applying the skills and concepts of calculus to modeling and solving problems across multiple ... , For example imagine the limit of (n+1)/n^2 as n approaches infinity. Both the numerator and the denominator approach infinity, but the denominator approaches infinity much faster than the numerator. So take a very large n, like 1 trillion. The numerator is 1,000,000,000,001. But the denominator is 1 trillion SQUARED., Numerator = Denominator, then the limit is simply the coefficients. If the numerator > denominator, then the limit is at infinity. Lastly, if the numerator is less than than the denominator, then the limit is 0. Remember we are talking about degrees here. So compare the numerator and denominator in terms of degrees., The model for exponential growth and decay that arises from the statement “The rate of change of a quantity is proportional to the size of the quantity” is. MPAC 3. Implementing algebraic/computational processes. MPAC 4. Connecting multiple representations Te Collee oar. 10 Sample uestions A Calculus AB/BC Exam. , Types of discontinuities. A function being continuous at a point means that the two-sided limit at that point exists and is equal to the function's value. Point/removable discontinuity is when the two-sided limit exists, but isn't equal to the function's value. Jump discontinuity is when the two-sided limit doesn't exist because the one-sided ..., There are eight units covered on the AP calculus AB exam and in your AP calculus class. Your teacher may choose to group them together differently or teach them in a different order, but you should be able to familiarize yourself with these topics: ... Unit One: Limits and Continuity: Examine various graphs of functions and forms of the ..., Find the derivatives of the following functions. 6) f(x) = (3x2 + 7)(x2 – 2x + 3) √ 7) f(x) = 𝑥∙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 8) f(x) = 3x2sec3x 9) f(x) = 4+ 𝑎 2 10) Given the equation y = sin(3x + 4y), find 11) Suppose that f and g are twice differentiable functions having selected values given in the table below., This calculus review tutorial focuses on evaluating one sided limits from graphs and functions including absolute value functions, trigonometric, exponential..., Unit 1 - Limits and Continuity 1.1 Can Change Occur at an Instant? 1.2 Defining Limits and Using Limit Notation 1.3 Estimating Limit Values from Graphs 1.4 Estimating Limit Values from Tables 1.5 Determining Limits Using Algebraic Properties (1.5 includes piecewise functions involving limits) 1.6 Determining Limits Using Algebraic Manipulation , ♾️ AP Calculus AB/BC 📌 Exam Date: May 13, 2024. ... AP Calc AB Cram Unit 1: Limits and Continuity. slides by Meghan Dwyer. AP Calc AB Cram Unit 2: Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties. slides by Jamil Siddiqui., Create An Account. Students in need of AP Calculus AB help will benefit greatly from our interactive syllabus. We break down all of the key elements so you can get adequate AP Calculus AB help. With the imperative study concepts and relevant practice questions right at your fingertips, you’ll have plenty of AP Calculus AB help in no time., Changing the starting point ("a") would change the area by a constant, and the derivative of a constant is zero. Another way to answer is that in the proof of the fundamental theorem, which is provided in a later video, whatever value …, AP Calculus AB Practice test: Section 1: Multiple Choice Part 2: 17:32 AP Calculus AB Practice test: Section 1: Multiple Choice Part 3: 22:14 AP Calculus AB Practice test: Section 1: Multiple Choice Part 4: 19:35 AP Calculus AB Practice test: Section 1: Multiple Choice Part 5: 25:43 AP Calculus AB Practice Test: Section 2: Free Response Part 1: ..., View ABCALC_All_Limits_Homework_A.pdf from MATH AP at Chapin High. AB Calculus All Limits Homework A 1. If lim = −3, lim = 0, and lim ℎ() = 8, find the following. If the limit is nonexistent,, When understanding limits of functions in calculus, the limit of a function is the value that the function approaches as the input value moved from either the left or the right. In calculus ..., 3 the definition u = 4 - x 2 is correct and earned the second point. The response has the correct answer and earned the dy c ( 4 - 2 x 2 ) third point. In part (b) the response earned the first point for stating = = 0 . The answer is correct, dx 4 - x2. and the response earned the second point., Abe was shot from behind while delivering a speech ahead of elections in Japan on Sunday. His alleged assassin is under arrest. Japan is quite literally the last country where I wo..., Section 2.7 : Limits at Infinity, Part I. In the previous section we saw limits that were infinity and it's now time to take a look at limits at infinity. By limits at infinity we mean one of the following two limits. lim x→∞ f (x) lim x→−∞f (x) lim x → ∞ f ( x) lim x → − ∞ f ( x) In other words, we are going to be looking ..., In 2021, about 71% of test-takers passed AP exams with a score of 3 or higher. AP Calculus AB students had a pass rate around 61%. Because the pass rate of the AP Calculus AB exam is lower than the average pass rate across all AP classes, you could infer AP Calculus AB is more difficult than some others., AP Classroom. AP Classroom is a free and flexible online platform that provides instructional resources for each AP course to support student learning of all course content and skills. AP Classroom r esources, including AP Daily videos, help your students learn and practice all year. Learn about all instructional resources in AP Classroom., AP Calculus Limits and Continuity quiz for 12th grade students. Find other quizzes for Mathematics and more on Quizizz for free!, AP®︎/College Calculus AB. 10 units · 164 skills. Unit 1. Limits and continuity. Unit 2. Differentiation: definition and basic derivative rules. Unit 3. Differentiation: composite, implicit, and inverse functions. Unit 4. Contextual applications of differentiation., Chapter 3. Limits and Continuous Functions21 1. Informal de nition of limits21 2. The formal, authoritative, de nition of limit22 3. Exercises25 4. Variations on the limit theme25 5. Properties of the Limit27 6. Examples of limit computations27 7. When limits fail to exist29 8. What's in a name?32 9. Limits and Inequalities33 10. Continuity34 11., Buy our AP Calculus workbook at https://store.flippedmath.com/collections/workbooksFor notes, practice problems, and more lessons visit the Calculus course o..., Find the limit as x approaches negative infinity. lim x → − ∞ 4 x 4 − x 2 x 2 + 3 =. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere., Video Calculus Series. Help Files and Videos by Topic: Limits and Their Properties. Calculating limits intuitively. Definition of a limit. The arithmetic of limits; limits of sums, differences, products and quotients. Trigonometric limits. Continuity, including the Intermediate and Extreme Value Theorems. Differentiation., AP®︎/College Calculus AB > Limits and continuity > Connecting limits at infinity and horizontal asymptotes ... About About this video Transcript. Sal finds the limits at positive and negative infinity of x/√(x²+1). Since the leading term is raised to an odd power (1), the limits at positive and negative infinity are different. Created by ..., This page provides the AB Calculus Manual for the classroom - all chapters of this manual are provided as free downloads! This section is a complete high school course for preparing students to tak e the AB Calculus exam. ... Calculus From 30,000 Feet Limits and the Infinity Guideline: ..., Special Trig Limit Example 1: Find. Solution. The expression in the question reminds us of the first "Special Trig Limit,". But it isn't quite the same, because in our expression the argument of sin that's in the numerator (5 x) doesn't match what's in the denominator ( x ). That is, since we have in the numerator, we need in the ..., Limits by factoring. Google Classroom. About. Transcript. In this video, we explore the limit of (x²+x-6)/ (x-2) as x approaches 2. By factoring and simplifying the expression, we discover that the function is undefined at x = 2, but its limit from both sides as x approaches 2 is in fact 5. Created by Sal Khan.