Chromogranin a labcorp

Labcorp test details for Cortisol, AM. State collection time and date. This test may exhibit interference when sample is collected from a person who is consuming a supplement with a high dose of biotin (also termed as vitamin B7 or B8, vitamin H, or coenzyme R).

Labcorp test details for Histamine Determination, Plasma. Histamine is synthesized from the amino acid L-histidine through the action of the enzyme histidine decarboxylase. 1 This small molecule is primarily produced by mast cells and basophils. These cells are morphologically characterized by numerous, electron dense cytoplasmic granules, which contain histamine and other compounds, enabling ...The consequences of subclinical thyroid disease (serum TSH 0.1−0.45 μIU/mL or 4.5−10.0 μIU/mL) are minimal and current guidelines recommend against routine treatment of patients with TSH levels in these ranges, but thyroid function tests should be repeated at 6- to 12-month intervals to monitor TSH levels; 8 however, treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is indicated in patients with ...Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic secretory glycoprotein found in the secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells and neurons, as is a member of the granin family of proteins. It can be used both for immunohistochemical stains and as a serum marker 4.. Immunohistochemistry. Chromogranin A is useful in identifying tissues of neuroendocrine origin, especially neuroendocrine tumors, as well as ... The quantitative allergen-specific IgE test is indicated (1) to determine whether an individual has elevated allergen-specific IgE antibodies; (2) if specific allergic sensitivity is needed to allow immunotherapy to be initiated; (3) when testing individuals for agents that may potentially cause anaphylaxis; (4) when evaluating individuals who ... Check out this infographic showing how office temperature affects productivity at work. Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSpot Blogs are your number-one source for edu...Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein belonging to a family of regulated secretory proteins stored in the dense core granules of the adrenal medulla and of many other neuroendocrine cells and neurons. This protein is frequently used as a diagnostic and prognostic serum marker for a range of neuroendocrine tumors. Circulating CgA is also increased in patients with other diseases ...Lp (a) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction (in white populations) equal to high LDL cholesterol. Serum concentrations are genetically determined. Fifteen percent to 20% of the white population have Lp (a) levels ≥75 nmol/L and are presumed to be at risk. Race-dependent differences in Lp (a ...

First and only fully automated chromogranin A assay worldwide. Thermo ScientificTM B·R·A·H·M·STM CgA II KRYPTORTM is an automated immunofluorescent assay using Time-Resolved Amplified Cryptate Emission (TRACETM) technology for quantitative determination of Chromogranin A concentration in human serum. Broad measuring range and automatic ... Informatii generale. Informaţii generale – Cromogranina A. Cromogranina A este o proteină cu greutatea moleculară de 49 kD alcătuită din 439 aminoacizi. Face parte din familia graninelor care se găsesc în veziculele secretorii ale celulelor neuroendocrine. Rolul acestora este de a regla activitatea secretorie a acestor celule.The LabCorp Test Menu is a page at LabCorp.com that allows users to search for laboratory tests, according to Laboratory Corporation of America. As of 2015, searches can be conduct...Windows only: Index.dat Suite is an index file editor that allows you to selectively edit or completely erase the contents of index.dat files on your computer. Windows only: Index....Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein belonging to a family of regulated secretory proteins stored in the dense core granules of the adrenal medulla and of many other neuroendocrine cells and neurons. This protein is frequently used as a diagnostic and prognostic serum marker for a range of neuroendocrine tumors. Circulating CgA is also increased in patients with other diseases ...Abstract. Background and objectives: Pancreastatin is a derived peptide of chromogranin A (CgA). Pancreastatin has the potential to be a diagnostic and predictive tumor marker in detecting NETs. Methods: Radioimmunoassay tests of pancreastatin and CgA were performed on 103 patient specimens collected at Mount Sinai Medical Center between 1/2010 ...

We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.1. Introduction. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a member of the granin family and is an acidic glycoprotein consisting of 439 amino-acids with an approximate molecular mass of 48 kDa.CgA is produced and stored, together with the other members of the granin family (e.g. chromogranin B and C and other secretogranins), in large dense-core vesicles of neuroendocrine cell types.Labcorp test details for Cortisol. Pregnancy, contraceptives, and estrogen therapy give rise to elevated cortisol concentrations. 1 In samples from patients who have been treated with prednisolone, methylprednisolone, or prednisone, falsely elevated concentrations of cortisol may be determined. 1 During metyrapone tests, 11-deoxycortisol levels are …Immunohistochemistry revealed intense positive markers: NSE, chromogranin, synaptophysin CD56 and ki67=3%. The subsequent evaluations showed normal biological (CgA, serotonin, 5HIAA) and morphological (thoraco-abdominal CT) parameters until 2016, when CgA level was 7-fold higher that the upper normal value (545 ng/ml vs 76 ng/ml) but with ...Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neurohormone produced in the central nervous system as well as in the neurons of the gastrointestinal (GI), respiratory and urogenital tracts. 1 The main effects of VIP include relaxation of smooth muscle (bronchial and vascular dilation), stimulation of gastrointestinal water and electrolyte ...Chromogranin A (CgA) is a 439-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 48 to 60 kDa, depending on glycosylation and phosphorylation status. It is a member of the granin family of proteins and polypeptides. Granins are widespread in endocrine, neuroendocrine, peripheral, and central nervous tissues, where they are found in secretory ...

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Chromogranin-A (CgA) or parathyroid secretory protein 1 is encoded in the human by the gene CHGA. Cga is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. As such, it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells such as islet beta cell secretory granules in the pancreas.Labcorp test details for Chromogranin A 140848: Chromogranin A | Labcorp - The antihypertensive chromogranin a peptide catestatin acts as a novel endocrine/paracrine modulator of cardiac inotropism and lusitropism - PubMedWe would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.Use. This heterocyclic (iminostilbene) compound has potent antiepileptic properties and is effective alone or with other antiepileptic drugs in partial seizures, especially complex partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and combinations of these seizure types. Carbamazepine generally is ineffective for absence, myoclonic, and ...Chromogranin concentration is a prognostic factor for serotonin secreting neuroendocrine tumors originating from the small intestine. Concentration levels of chromogranin often correlate with the size of the tumor and the extent of metastasis. Chromogranin A test is also a potential marker to detect relapse or recurrence of …

Whether it's your pet's first flight or they're a seasoned, four-legged world traveler, these tips will help guarantee you and your furry friend have a seamless journey. Traveling ...Chromogranin A, despite a number of limitations, is still the most valuable marker of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Granins belong to the family of acidic proteins that constitute a major component of secretory granules of various endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, which are components of both the classical endocrine glands and …Chromogranin A processing and derived peptides. The human CgA gene is located on chromosome 14q32.12, spans 12 192 bp, and is organized in eight exons and seven introns. The derived transcript of 2 kb is translated into the 457 residues CgA protein of ∼48–52 kDa molecular weight that undergoes post-translational processes and proteolytic ...First and only fully automated chromogranin A assay worldwide. Thermo ScientificTM B·R·A·H·M·STM CgA II KRYPTORTM is an automated immunofluorescent assay using Time-Resolved Amplified Cryptate Emission (TRACETM) technology for quantitative determination of Chromogranin A concentration in human serum. Broad measuring range and automatic ...LabCorp is a trusted name in the healthcare industry, known for its commitment to providing quality laboratory services. One of the reasons why LabCorp stands out from its competit...C difficile can produce two toxins, designated A and B, that have pathogenic effects in humans. Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis has been shown to result from the action of these two toxins. This disease has been associated with clindamycin use but it is now recognized that pseudomembranous colitis can follow administration of ...The median chromogranin A level in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cases was higher than that in cases of other tumors (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: 126.62 ng/mL, other tumors: 69.82 ng/mL). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the chromogranin A assay for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis were 49.2%, 77.8%, and 60.9% ...Clinical use Serum Chromogranin A measurements are a first-line test for diagnosing carcinoid tumours, in conjunction with, or as an alternative to urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Background Because of its ubiquitous distribution within neuroendocrine tissues, chromogranin A is a useful diagnostic marker for …

Labcorp test details for Fibrinogen Activity. Blood should be collected in a blue-top tube containing 3.2% buffered sodium citrate. 1 Evacuated collection tubes must be filled to completion to ensure a proper blood to anticoagulant ratio. 2,3 The sample should be mixed immediately by gentle inversion at least six times to ensure adequate mixing of the anticoagulant with the blood.

CHROMOGRANIN A. General Information Specimen Information Specimen Acceptability Methods Clinical Utilities CPT Codes Reference Range Component Info. ... Information. HLAB/HOL Code: CHROA UPHSM LIS Test #: 4574 Schedule: Tuesday - Saturday Testing Time: 3 - 5 days Testing Lab: Labcorp. Specimen Info Only 1 specimen type required, unless ...Chromogranin A (CgA) is a hydrophilic acidic one-chain peptide containing 439 amino acids, preceded by NH2-terminal 18-amino-acid signal peptide; the complete pre-chromogranin A molecule thus encompasses 457 amino acids. It is a member of the chromogranin family that comprises several proteins. The CgA gene is a single-copy gene localized in ...Chromogranin A is a cumbersome protein with its biochem-ical properties, its expression profile in a plethora of cells, its multiple fragments and molecular forms and their pre-sumed biological activities.1 As the name refers to, the pro-tein belongs to a class of granins, which were first defined as proteins involved in the formation and ...Here, we further examined the influence of other lumenal proteins on fusion pore expansion, especially chromogranin A (CgA), the major and ubiquitous lumenal protein in chromaffin granules. Polarized TIRF microscopy demonstrated that the fusion pore curvature of granules containing CgA-EGFP was long lived, with curvature lifetimes comparable to ...Chromogranin A (a protein of 439 amino acid which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, phenochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other ...LIC now ranks second in terms of losing market cap among newly listed IPOs in Asia this year. The Indian government has realised that it disastrously timed the listing of the count...Clinical Significance. Pancreastatin - Pancreastatin (PST), also called chromogranin A amide, is a 49-amino acid peptide that was first isolated from porcine pancreas. Pancreastatin is one of a number of biologically active peptides produced by proteolysis of the precursor molecule chromogranin A (CGA). It was first described as an inhibitor of ...Labcorp makes managing your health more convenient by letting you purchase the same lab tests trusted by doctors, online. Access quality lab services nearby! No appointments needed for Labcorp tests, or book online for a time that fits your life. Locate your nearest labs today.CHROMOGRANIN A (CgA), a 48-kDa acidic secretory protein, is the major soluble protein in the catecholamine storage vesicles, and is widely distributed in endocrine cells and neurons (1, 2).It is coreleased with catecholamines, neuropeptides, and ATP by exocytosis from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla as well as from sympathetic …

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Notes. Chromogranin A is used as a marker for investigation and monitoring of neuroendocrine tumours. Increased levels of chromogranin A can also be seen in patients with decreased renal function, patients with atrophic gastritis, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, and patients receiving proton-pump inhibitors. Chromogranin B is less …Chromogranin A, S: 9811-1 . Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value; CGAK: Chromogranin A, S: 9811-1: Test Classification This test has been cleared, approved, or is exempt by the US Food and Drug Administration and is used per manufacturer's instructions. Performance characteristics were verified by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent ...Windows only: Index.dat Suite is an index file editor that allows you to selectively edit or completely erase the contents of index.dat files on your computer. Windows only: Index....Lady2 said: Normal value range Chromogranin A. Last year my test results was at 53 and normal range was <15ng/ml. Currently it is at 71 but lab normal range is at 25-140 ng/ml. Carcinoid.org normal value <39ng/ml. I get Flushing really bad and last 3-4 hours. I am confused with different normal values.Screening test for presumptive diagnosis of catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas. Method Name. Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) NY State Available. Yes. Reporting Name. Metanephrines, Fract., Free, P. Aliases. Fractionated metanephrines +.Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein belonging to a family of regulated secretory proteins stored in the dense core granules of the adrenal medulla and of many other neuroendocrine cells and neurons. This protein is frequently used as a diagnostic and prognostic serum marker for a range of neuroendocrine tumors. Circulating CgA is also increased in patients with other diseases ...Advertisement ­ ­The vacuum booster is a very simple, elegant design. The device needs a vacuum source to operate. In gasoline-powered cars, the engine provides a vacuum suitable f...Chromogranin A (CgA) is a protein released by neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine cells are found in many organs in the body and have characteristics of both nerve cells and cells that make hormones. A test for chromogranin A measures the amount of CgA in the blood. This is known as a tumor marker test because CgA can be released in higher ...The median CgA level was 29.3 IU/L (range: 4.7-53,687 IU/L) when determined with the ELISA method, and was 97.7 ng/mL (range: 6.2-165,700 IU/L) when mea-sured with the Kryptor® automated assay. A strong positive correlation was obtained between the 2 methods (r2=0.97; p<0.001) (Fig. 2). With our institutional cutoff of 23 IU/L for the ELISA ... ….

Metanephrine and normetanephrine (collectively referred to as metanephrines) are the 3-methoxy metabolites of epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively. The metanephrines are stable metabolites and are cosecreted directly with catecholamines by pheochromocytomas and other neural crest tumors. This results in sustained elevations in plasma ...Labcorp test details for Chromogranin A 140848: Chromogranin A | Labcorp - The antihypertensive chromogranin a peptide catestatin acts as a novel endocrine/paracrine modulator of cardiac inotropism and lusitropism - PubMedChromogranin A is recommended for the detection of specific antigens of interest in normal and neoplastic tissues, as an adjunct to conventional histopathology using non-immunologic histochemical stains. $ 1,123.36. We are currently updating the product codes for a number of our Advanced Staining reagents. From January 2023 you will begin to ...Chromogranin A (CgA) is a 439-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 48 to 60 kDa, depending on glycosylation and phosphorylation status. It is a member of the granin family of proteins and polypeptides. Granins are widespread in endocrine, neuroendocrine, peripheral, and central nervous tissues, where they are found in secretory ...Test for all 9 food groups that cause 90% of allergic reactions. Labcorp's optimized specific IgE (slgE) food allergy profile with reflex component testing makes allergy testing easier with one convenient to order profile that tests sensitivity to the "Big Nine" clinically significant food allergens and assesses the potential for systemic reactions.Chromogranin A (CgA, NM_001275.3) is a 456-amino acid hydrophilic acidic protein of the granin family, expressed in a variety of endocrine, neuroendocrine, peripheral and central neural tissues (Bartolomucci et al., 2011). CgA functions as a key component of dense-core secretory granules and modulates the storage and processing ...Labcorp's test menu provides a comprehensive list of specialty and general laboratory testing services.It inhibits Chromogranin A and Parathyroid Hormone release. Pancreastatin also inhibits release of Somatostatin upon glucose stimulation. It may also control carbohydrate metabolism and hyperglycemia. Although there are no compounds with significant structural homology with Pancreastatin, there are minor similarities to Gastrin and Anti ...Human chromogranin A (CgA), a 439 residue-long member of the "granin" secretory protein family, is the precursor of several peptides and polypeptides involved in the regulation of the innate immunity, cardiovascular system, metabolism, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and tumor growth.Despite the many biological activities observed in experimental and preclinical models for CgA and its most ... Chromogranin a labcorp, Chromogranin A (CgA) is a member of the granin family and is an acidic glycoprotein consisting of 439 amino-acids with an approximate molecular mass of 48 kDa. CgA is produced and stored, together with the other members of the granin family (e.g. chromogranin B and C and other secretogranins), in large dense-core vesicles of neuroendocrine cell ..., Order Code Order Code Name Order Loinc Result Code Result Code Name UofM Result LOINC; 733726: 733726 13+Oxycodone+Crt-Scr: 69739-1: 737690: Amphetamines Screen, Urine, Germany extends travel ban on non-Europeans until at least the end of August. After months of closed borders due to coronavirus, some countries around the world are starting to ope..., Labcorp test details for 5‐HIAA, Plasma. 8 - 15 days. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider., 1 nmol/l = 49 ng/ml -- so a LabCorp result of 1 is already above/outside reference range of Quest's reference range (< 36 ng/ml). My LabCorp result from last June was 6 nmol/l which would have been 294 ng/ml if done by Quest -- that would get your attention, since Quest reference range is < 36 ng/ml -- 294 is well above reference range (x8)., As of 2015, LabCorp customers can find the nearest company location by using the Find a Lab tool found on the company’s website. The LabCorp Find a Lab tool uses the customer’s add..., Labcorp test details for Insulin. This insulin assay is performed using a 2-site electrochemiluminescent immunoassay on the Roche automated platform. 1 This test could be effectively used for those patients not receiving exogenous insulin or those receiving unmodified human insulin. Test 004333, Insulin is highly specific for human insulin, as shown in the table below., Additional Information. Troponin T (TnT) is a component of the contractile apparatus of the striated musculature. Although the function of TnT is the same in all striated muscles, the cardiac isoform of TnT originating exclusively from the myocardium clearly differs from skeletal muscle TnT., Background: Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1), a transcriptional regulator with a zinc-finger DNA-binding domain, has been validated as a cytoplasmic marker for neuroendocrine differentiation of tumor cells. Next to its abundant expression in the fetal pancreas, it is expressed in brain tumors, pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid carcinomas, insulinomas and pituitary and small-cell lung ..., Lady2 said: Normal value range Chromogranin A. Last year my test results was at 53 and normal range was <15ng/ml. Currently it is at 71 but lab normal range is at 25-140 ng/ml. Carcinoid.org normal value <39ng/ml. I get Flushing really bad and last 3-4 hours. I am confused with different normal values., Chromogranin A, S: 9811-1: Report Available 1 to 3 days Reject Due To. Gross hemolysis: Reject: Gross lipemia: OK: Gross icterus: OK: Day(s) Performed. Monday through Saturday. Forms. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send 1 of the following forms with the specimen:-General Request (T239), Useful For. Aiding in the identification of tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation. For the initial technical component only immunohistochemical (IHC) stain performed, the appropriate bill-only test ID will be reflexed and charged (IHTOI). For each additional technical component only IHC stain performed, an additional bill-only test ID will ..., We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us., Chromogranin A is a member of the granin glycoprotein family that is expressed by the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells of different organs. Intracellularly, chromogranin A contributes to the regulation of secretion and gives several cleavage products after secretion. Some of its cleavage products modify the hormone functions in autocrine and ..., Labcorp test details for Chromogranin A. Elevated CGA levels may be seen in non-NEN malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma 41 and breast cancer. 42. Circulating CgA is increased in several common, non-neoplastic conditions associated with tissue damage and remolding. 5,43-46 These include: • Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic atrophic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection ..., Patient Billing and Payment Information. Labcorp makes a variety of payment options available to patients, helping you better prepare for laboratory services. If you need additional assistance, call us at 800-845-6167. Labcorp will bill your health insurance directly. Your health insurance company will determine coverage and payment, as well as ..., Chromogranin A (CgA), which is an intrinsically disordered protein that belongs to the granin family, was first discovered in the bovine adrenal medulla, and later identified in various organs. Under certain physiological conditions, CgA is cleaved into functionally diverse peptides, such as vasostatin-1, pancreastatin, and catestatin. In this review, we first describe the historical and ..., LDH test cost is between $36.00 and $799.00. None. $36.00. Order. Walk-In Lab. Liver Profile #1 Baseline Blood Test Panel. Covered tests: Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (LD) ( LabCorp ) , Extra tests (click to add to search): Cholesterol, Total ( LabCorp ) , γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) ( LabCorp ) , Hepatic Function Panel (7) ( LabCorp ) Covered ..., Here's a printable .pdf that will help you better understand what they mean. Keep in mind, your results are not a diagnosis of any condition. For a full diagnosis, it's best to share your results with a healthcare provider. Please sign in into your account to view this test result interpretation., • Histamine (LabCorp; plasma) • Tryptase (LabCorp; serum) • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) (Quest; 24-hour urine) • Chromogranin A (Quest; serum) Prior to collecting samples for these tests, a provocation is generally recommended whereby the patient consumes foods known to be high in histamine, resulting in the triggering of, Order Code Order Code Name Order Loinc Result Code Result Code Name UofM Result LOINC; 700845: Drug Screen 13 w/Conf, Serum: 72479-9: 700714: AMPHETAMINES, IA, Chromogranin A is a secretory protein, composed of 439 amino acids, found in the large dense-core vesicles of the neuroendocrine cells. It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. Chromogranin A can be either measured in the serum or detected by immunohistochemistry in a tissue specimen., Labcorp - Sign In, Immunohistochemical Stains. Frozen Gel Packs. To ensure specimen integrity during warm weather, follow these Instructions for Use of frozen gel packs and specimen lockboxes. View Labcorp's Immunohistochemical Stains & their IHC Antibody List which includes the name, synonyms, and antibody description / clinical use., The consequences of subclinical thyroid disease (serum TSH 0.1−0.45 μIU/mL or 4.5−10.0 μIU/mL) are minimal and current guidelines recommend against routine treatment of patients with TSH levels in these ranges, but thyroid function tests should be repeated at 6- to 12-month intervals to monitor TSH levels; 8 however, treatment of subclinical …, Chromogranin A (CgA), present in the chromaffin granules of neuroendocrine cells, is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of circulating CgA in monitoring clinical response in …, Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube, 5 mL (T914) Collection Container/Tube: Preferred: Serum gel. Acceptable: Red top. Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial. Specimen Volume: 0.5 mL. Collection Information: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into plastic vial. Do not submit in original tube., Chromogranin A has been used as an immunohistochemical marker for normal and neoplastic neuroendocrine tissues.Elevated plasma concentrations have been demonstrated in patients with tumors of endocrine origin and levels have been shown to correlate with tumor volume., Chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 49 kd that is widely expressed by neuroendocrine cells and constitutes one of the most abundant components of secretory granules. 1 CgA is physiologically released by exocytosis and may be detected in the blood. In particular, when a tumor develops in an endocrine tissue, it becomes the main source of circulating CgA. 2,3 ..., We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us., Chromogranin B (657 amino acid peptide) (CgB) or GAWK (a partial sequence of CgB 420-493) coexists with CgA in the secretory granules and bears a strong homology to CgA in the terminal regions. CgB is also known as secretogranin I and secretoneurin. Like CgA, it is an acidic protein (Benedum et al., 1987 ). The relative abundance of CgA and ..., LIC now ranks second in terms of losing market cap among newly listed IPOs in Asia this year. The Indian government has realised that it disastrously timed the listing of the count..., General Information. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a protein found in and released from neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine cells, and the endocrine system glands that they are found in, can give rise to a variety of tumours, both benign and malignant. They include carcinoid tumours, phaeochromocytomas, insulinomas, small cell lung cancers ...