Haplogroup e1b1b1

About this group. If your chromosomes tell you that you belong to Haplogroup E3b1 (M35), then you're cordially invited to join this Facebook group. You will need: 1. A Y-chromosome (on second thought, ignore this requirement - some of our most active members lack this apparently superfluous genetic trait) ;)

Haplogroup e1b1b1. This chocolate cake recipe is delicious. We love a buttery and dense pound cake, but we thought a chocolate version would be even better so we folded lots of dark cocoa into the ba...

Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of ...FamilyTreeDNA - Haplogroup E1b1a- V38 Project. The major branch points on our shared paternal lineage trace back through genealogy, history, antiquity, and ancient … Haplogroup K itself is thought to have originated in Western Asia some 12,000 years ago. A 2006 study by Behar et al., [66] based on high-resolution analysis of Haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", likely of mixed European and ... In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). [2]The tree of haplogroup E1b1b1 assumes the existence of still unfound SNP mutations: in clusters E1b1b1*-C and E1b1b1*-D and two haplotypes E1b1b1* from Western Europe; ±850 3. The common ancestor of cluster E1b1b1c1*-D1 and the main branch of cluster E1b1b1c1*-D2 lived 5000±1500 years ago, that is, before the emergence of the Jewish … M215, most often found in conjunction with M35. In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E1b1b (E-M215), previously known as E3b, is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, which is a division of the macro haplogroup E, and which is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M215. [ 4][ 5][ 6] In other words it is one of the major paternal ... Haplogroup E-M123. In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E-M123 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, and defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M123. Like its closest relatives within the larger E-M215 haplogroup, E-M123 is …

The folks behind Firefox are running a series of posts examining why people don't upgrade their browser, and while interesting in its own right, it got us wondering: When (and why)...The various strands of Hap. E1b1b as found in Europe constitute the third most common group of YDNA clades in Europe, after the R1 clades (R1a and R1b of course) and the original I clades. It seems to predate R in Europe, R being associated with the Indo-European invasions of c. ~3,000BC and E1b1b being associated with the spread of …It is preferably to build a phyloge- netic tree (and then calculate its TMRCA) at the There are seven Jewish clusters in haplogroup maximum possible number of markers. 111- E1b1b1 — two large, E1b1b1c1*-D1 and marker haplotypes of clusters E1b1b1c1*-D1 and E1b1b1c1a*-B (include a total of over 60% of the E1b1b1c1a*-B are not available yet, so ...to the fact that different subclades of haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) have been presented in the Middle East from ancient times. From these subclades, the maximum time of the most recent commonYou had cosmetic breast surgery to change the size or shape of your breasts. You may have had a breast lift, breast reduction, or breast augmentation. You had cosmetic breast surge...In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y …Origins [edit] E1b1b1 origins map. The origins of E-M215 were dated by Cruciani in 2007 to about 22,400 years ago in East Africa.. Ancient DNA [edit]. According to Lazaridis et al. (2016), Natufian skeletal remains from the ancient Levant predominantly carried the Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b. Of the five Natufian specimens analysed for paternal lineages, three …

Hi everyone, I just got my Y DNA haplogroup and it is E-M35. From the non-stop reading Ive been doing, this falls into the E1b1b1 subgroup. I am seeing many of my matches with the haplogroup E-L117 however. In some literature, they say M35 and L117 are pretty much identical (same E1b1b1 group).Read about the progress made on our Today's Addition master bedroom home remodeling project. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radi...the biological side. This correlation is claimed to involve the Haplogroup E1B1B or rather a. subclade thereof, E1B1B1. There is one amusing point that I can't resist. mentioning. We are talking about Y-DNA which is, obviously, passed along on. the father's side. "Jewishness" at least in the religious sense is. The famous Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) may have belonged to haplogroup J2a1-L26 based on the Y-DNA test of his great-great-grandnephew, Lieuwe van Gogh, who is also a Dutch painter. Lieuwe’s great-great-grandfather was Theo van Gogh (1857-1891), the younger brother of Vincent van Gogh.

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The E-M35 Story. E-M35 's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor E-M215 and the rest of mankind around 32,000 BCE. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 23,000 BCE. He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as E-V68 and E-Z827. The human Y-chromosome haplogroup E-V12 is a subclade of E-M78, which in turn is part of the larger haplogroup E1b1b1. [3] According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the E-V12 sublineage likely originated in Northern Africa. It has two main branches: E-V32 which is most common in the Horn of Africa, and E-CTS693 (previously known as E-V12*) which is ... It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only approximately 1% of chromosomes worldwide, and most common in East Africa and the Middle East. Phylogenetic network analysis of its Y-STR (short tandem repeat) haplotype shows that it is most closely related to an Egyptian K2 haplotype, but the presence of scattered and …Arabs are commonly associated with haplogroup J1 and haplogroup E1b1b1. These genetic markers trace their paternal lineage and have origins in the Caucasus region. Haplogroup J1 is particularly prevalent among Arabs and Cohanim populations, and it has expanded during the Neolithic period towards East Africa. 7. M215, most often found in conjunction with M35. In human genetics, Y Haplogroup E1b1b (E-M215), previously known as E3b, is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, which is a division of the macro haplogroup E, and which is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation M215. [ 4][ 5][ 6] In other words it is one of the major paternal ... Barclays analyst Ramsey El Assal maintained a Buy rating on Fleetcor Technologies (FLT - Research Report) on November 4 and set a price target of ... Barclays analyst Ramsey El Ass...

Origins [edit]. Underhill (2001) proposed that haplogroup E may have arisen in East Africa. Some authors as Chandrasekar (2007), accept the earlier position of Hammer (1997) that Haplogroup E may have originated in West Asia, given that: . E is a clade of haplogroup DE, with the other major clade, haplogroup D, being exclusively distributed in Asia.; DE …Following a descendent hierarchical order, we performed a high-resolution search of the Y-chromosome binary E1b1b1 haplogroups, first characterizing the following Y-SNPs: M96, M35, M78, M81, M123 ...Aug 15, 2012 · The linguistic group and carriers of E1b1b1 lineage have a high probability to have arisen and dispersed together from the region of origin of this language family.[13][14][15] Amongst populations with an Afro-Asiatic speaking history, a significant proportion of Jewish male lineages are E1b1b1 (E-M35).[16] Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for ... A. Aliev. Published 30 May 2010. History. Among the haplogroups represented among modern Jews, the frequency of more than 10% can be divided into three of them. They … E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, [4] is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common phylogeny. The E1b1b1b-M81. haplogroup was most frequently observed among 295 men Berber-speaking. originating from Morocco, its frequency was 79.1% among Northern men, 89.8%. among men from Center and 98.5% ...Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature BriefingAug 15, 2012 · Other non-Bantu lineages found within this haplogroup are E1b1b1a-M78 and E1b1b1-M81, which have been frequently found in North Africa and also in Europe. 32. Both haplogroups G and N (accounting ... In each of the examined Armenian populations, we witness moderate levels of haplogroups T-M184, G-M201 and E1b1b1-M35. Interestingly, haplogroup T-M184, which is relatively rare in other Near Eastern populations, as well as in three of the Armenian collections tested here, represents the most prominent descent in Sasun, comprising …

Here, we describe a system for the molecular dissection of haplogroup E-M78 (E1b1b1a), consisting of multiplex polymerase chain reaction and minisequencing of M78 and nine population-informative Y-SNPs (M148, M224, V12, V13, V19, V22, V27, V32, V65) in a single reaction. Sensitivity and admixture studies demonstrated that the SNP protocol ...

A-F) Haplogroup-frequency contour maps of the Mediterranean region The haplogroup percentages used for the contour map are shown in Table 1 . Each panel shows a different haplogroup: J1 (A) , J2 (B) , R1b (or R1(xR1a1)-as indicated in Table 1 ) (D) , …Haplogroups E1b1b1c1 ( M34) and E1b1b1c1a (M84) among Jews. Could Abraham be E1b1b 1c1. or E1b1b1c1a? A.A. Aliev, D.L. Tartakovsky. Abstract. The … The first was a Central Asian lineage harbouring haplogroups R1 and R2. The second lineage was of Middle-Eastern origin represented by haplogroups J2*, Shia-specific E1b1b1, and to some extent G* and L*. The third was the indigenous Indian Y-lineage represented by haplogroups H1*, F*, C* and O*. Haplogroup E1b1b1 was observed in Shias only. "America's Harvest Box" would include a slew of food products. The emphasis would be on shelf-stable items, such as canned fruits and meats, cereal, and peanut butter. Blue Apron m...In particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the …In brief, a summary of papers [5, 6] reduces to the fact that different subclades of haplogroup E1b1b1 (M35) have been presented in the Middle East from ancient times.The various strands of Hap. E1b1b as found in Europe constitute the third most common group of YDNA clades in Europe, after the R1 clades (R1a and R1b of course) and the original I clades. It seems to predate R in Europe, R being associated with the Indo-European invasions of c. ~3,000BC and E1b1b being associated with the spread of …Rothschild DNA Project - Y-DNA Classic Chart. For genealogy within the most recent fifteen generations, STR markers help define paternal lineages. Y-DNA STR markers change (mutate) often enough that most men who share the same STR results also share a recent paternal lineage. This page displays Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) STR results …Barclays analyst Ramsey El Assal maintained a Buy rating on Fleetcor Technologies (FLT - Research Report) on November 4 and set a price target of ... Barclays analyst Ramsey El Ass...

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Haplogroup I is found in Scandinavia, and in the Balkans. J is found in Mediterranean regions as well as amongst Jews and Arabs. The two (I and J) are closely related. ... They seem to say that YDNA E1b1b1 (formerly known as E3b1) is the real Israelite YDNA. Now I happen to know that E1b1b1 is the personal YDNA of Dr. AlexIn particular, although the major focus of that review was upon Y haplogroup E1b1b1 (E-M35), similar to Cruciani et al, I suggested that in the specific case of speakers of the …Haplogroup E, defined by mutation M40, is the most common human Y chromosome clade within Africa. To increase the level of resolution of haplogroup E, we disclosed the phylogenetic relationships ...Some Hazaras were also found to belong to the haplogroup E1b1b1-M35, L-M20 and H-M69, which are shared with Tajiks, Pashtuns as well as Indian populations. One individual with haplogroup B-M60, normally found in Eastern Africa, was found as well.E-V32, a subclade of E1b1b1a-V68. We can assume that R1b-V88 adopted Afroasiatic (Chadic) when it arrived in the Levant and from there spread to Africa. these are the Afroasiatic languages spoken 1000 - 2000 years ago : Berber is asociated with E-M81, Kushite with E-V32 and Chadic with R1b-V88. Arabic spread later, ca 4 ka.The folks behind Firefox are running a series of posts examining why people don't upgrade their browser, and while interesting in its own right, it got us wondering: When (and why)...Haplogroup E1b1a- V38 Project - Y-DNA Member Distribution Map. Our direct paternal ancestors have passed on their Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) generation after generation. All lines began with our common paternal ancestry in Africa. Over time, individual lines have branched, and, thus, they mark the path from Africa to their locations in historic ...Haplogroup E-M293 has been previously hypothesized to mark a recent gene flow (about 2 ka) through Tanzania to southern Africa, as a consequence of a migration of non-Bantu speaker pastoralists (Henn et al. 2008). Our data on the distribution and phylogeny of the E-V1515 haplogroup support and extend this hypothesis. We …A. Aliev. Published 30 May 2010. History. Among the haplogroups represented among modern Jews, the frequency of more than 10% can be divided into three of them. They are J1 (M267), J2 (M172) and E1b1b1 (M35) [1]. According to recent studies, J1 and J2 claim the role of «haplogroups of Abraham», the legendary ancestor of the Jews and Arabs [2].Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 percent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of the Jewish population. This study, though scientific by nature, is inconclusive. Despite the claims, Adolf Hitler was not Jewish.Haplogroup E1b1a (E1b1a1-M2), Roberta Estes. The African DNA Project (E1b1a), Dr. Ana Oquendo Pabon. Arabian E Y-DNA Project (E1b1). E-M35 Project (formerly the E3b Project) (E1b1b1), Bill Harvey, Denis Savard, Victor Villarreal. E-M35 Project - New SNP Tracker. The E-M35 Phylogeny Project, Victor Villareal. Double Helix Forums, E-M35 community. ….

E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, [4] is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common phylogeny. PMCID: PMC3573200. PMID: 22892526. The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome …Haplogroup E-M293 has been previously hypothesized to mark a recent gene flow (about 2 ka) through Tanzania to southern Africa, as a consequence of a migration of non-Bantu speaker pastoralists (Henn et al. 2008). Our data on the distribution and phylogeny of the E-V1515 haplogroup support and extend this hypothesis. We …Jul 17, 2011 · not arise simultan eously. Introduction. There are seven Jewish clusters in haplogroup. E1b1b1 — two large, E1b1b1c1*-D1 a nd. E1b1b1c1a*-B (include a total of over 60% of the. Jews of ... 057559/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom. We have characterized the Y chromosome carried by President Thomas Jefferson, the general rarity of which supported the idea that he, or a patrilineal relative, fathered the last son of his slave Sally Hemings. It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only approximately 1% of chromosomes …. We know from this and other studies that E1b1b1 dominates the Berber speaking area, leaving the Siwa result as quite surprising and unique. This in turn raises the question of what other surprising and unique populations may exist in other oases and unsampled regions.Much later in history the spread of Y-DNA haplogroup R2a to different parts of the world correlates with a similar dispersal pattern of Y-DNA haplogroups R1a-Z93, R1a-Z2124, R1b-M73, G2a and J2a. ... J2b2, J1a2, L1a2, E1b1 (E1b1b1 was already found at the 2011 BC Gonur site of BMAC so it is not Greek or Macedonian), I2a1 (European). The Iron ...Haplogroup E1b1a- V38 Project - Y-DNA SNP. The major branch points on our shared paternal lineage trace back through genealogy, history, antiquity, and ancient anthropology to reach our early hominid ancestors who lived in Africa. Recent (terminal) branches may be as recent as ten generations old or several thousand years.The tree of haplogroup E1b1b1 assumes the existence of still unfound SNP mutations: in clusters E1b1b1*-C and E1b1b1*-D and two haplotypes E1b1b1* from Western Europe; ±850 3. The common ancestor of cluster E1b1b1c1*-D1 and the main branch of cluster E1b1b1c1*-D2 lived 5000±1500 years ago, that is, before the emergence of the Jewish … Haplogroup e1b1b1, Haplogroups E1b1b1c1 ( M34) and E1b1b1c1a (M84) among Jews. Could Abraham be E1b1b 1c1. or E1b1b1c1a? A.A. Aliev, D.L. Tartakovsky. Abstract. The …, 6. Lyndon B. (LBJ) Johnson (E1b1b1 (E-M35)) Not surprised about LBJ's result. E-M35 accounts for around 20% of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Y-DNA lineages and there is a persistent rumour he has roots from Sephardic Texan Jews (who arrived as Marranos/Crypto-Conversos from Spain into Spanish Texas); hence his pivotal role in allowing the Israeli attack on the USS Liberty to continue unabated even ... , In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). [2], Haplogroup E1b1b1 shows the greatest divergences, with F CT = 0.233, with p-value = 0.00067. The parameter set for BATWING is described in the …, Haplogroup E-M78 is distributed over a wide area stretching from eastern (21.5%) and northern (18.5%) Africa to the Near East (5.8%) and Europe (7.2%), where it represents the most common E1b1b subhaplogroup . However, many of the newly described subhaplogroups of E-M78 have a much more limited geographical distribution., It belongs to haplogroup K2, a lineage representing only approximately 1% of chromosomes worldwide, and most common in East Africa and the Middle East. Phylogenetic network analysis of its Y-STR (short tandem repeat) haplotype shows that it is most closely related to an Egyptian K2 haplotype, but the presence of scattered and …, It is approximately located at E-M2 and E-M180. Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in northern hemisphere of Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two major sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b., A. Aliev. Published 30 May 2010. History. Among the haplogroups represented among modern Jews, the frequency of more than 10% can be divided into three of them. They are J1 (M267), J2 (M172) and E1b1b1 (M35) [1]. According to recent studies, J1 and J2 claim the role of «haplogroups of Abraham», the legendary ancestor of the Jews and Arabs [2]., e. In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and types of mutations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). , Originally found at Dienekes . Andrew Lancaster, Y Haplogroups, Archaeological Cultures and Language Families: A Review of the Possibility o..., We know from this and other studies that E1b1b1 dominates the Berber speaking area, leaving the Siwa result as quite surprising and unique. This in turn raises …, Cast your mind back to that scene in “Minority Report” where all those autonomous cars are whizzing through the city. The more practically minded of you may well have gone: “Yeah, ..., Albert Einstein (born 1879-died 1955), Jewish physicist. According to the genetic test results of the descendants of Einstein's great-grandfather, Naphtali Hirsch Einstein, Einstein belongs to the haplogroup E-Z830. Approximately 20% of German Jews belong to E1b1b. Stephen Arthur Pink (1954-), Canadian-American cognitive scientist …, Earlier this week, however, Belgium’s Knack Magazine reported that after tracking down and DNA testing 39 relatives of the Fuhrer, both in Europe and the United States, a chromosome called Haplogroup E1b1b1 showed up in the family samples., This chocolate cake recipe is delicious. We love a buttery and dense pound cake, but we thought a chocolate version would be even better so we folded lots of dark cocoa into the ba..., , And Portugal is the area most affected (after the already commented NW) by relatively high presence of haplogroup E1b1b1, in both the Greek and North African versions, within Iberia.I would not say so. I would say both the Balkan version (E-M78 = E1b1b1a) is not common there. The North Afican E-M81, and the Levantine E-M123 are …, Much later in history the spread of Y-DNA haplogroup R2a to different parts of the world correlates with a similar dispersal pattern of Y-DNA haplogroups R1a-Z93, R1a-Z2124, R1b-M73, G2a and J2a. ... J2b2, J1a2, L1a2, E1b1 (E1b1b1 was already found at the 2011 BC Gonur site of BMAC so it is not Greek or Macedonian), I2a1 (European). The Iron ..., Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2012 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Directions for citing the document are given at the bottom of the Main Page. Version History Last revision date for this specific page: 8 November 2012 Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA ... , Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition; 1 in 18,000 born with Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition in UK. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symp..., TPG investigates whether you can travel internationally with an expired green card, or what other steps you can take to ensure your trip plans aren't derailed. Traveling with an ex..., About this group. If your chromosomes tell you that you belong to Haplogroup E3b1 (M35), then you're cordially invited to join this Facebook group. You will need: 1. A Y-chromosome (on second thought, ignore this requirement - some of our most active members lack this apparently superfluous genetic trait) ;), The shared presence of haplogroup E1b1b1-M35 in all Tanzanian tribes examined, including Bantu and non-Bantu groups, in conjunction with its nearly complete absence in the West African populations indicate that, in addition to a shared linguistic, cultural and genetic heritage, geography (east vs. west) may have impacted the paternal …, The second most frequent Y-haplogroup was E, subclade E1b1b1-M123 (21.05%) followed by Y-haplogroup J1-M267 with a frequency of 14.04%. Additional Y-haplogroups are found but at lower frequencies. Most of the Armenian Cypriots were assigned to Y-haplogroup R1b-M343/M415 (28.57%). Y-haplogroup J2a-L559 is found …, Haplogroup E1b1b1 is a very Jewish line. (from Albert Benhamou) added 5/2/2012 Albert Einstein belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1b2* E-Z830, with a sample taken from a paternal descendants of Naphtali Hirsch Einstein. Also, According to a genetic study in December 2012, Ramesses ..., Those Y chromosomes assigned to haplogroup E1b1b1 were screened further using the multiplex assay, Hg-E1b1b1, which consisted of the markers M78, M148, M81, M107, M165, M123, M34, M136 and M281 (Figure 1g). When a sample was found to be ancestral for the M40 polymorphism, it was screened for the mutations that defined …, We've shown you how to use a sheet of paper to test the sharpness of your knives, but if you're no fan of slicing paper, Master Bladesmith Bob Kramer has a few other ways to make s..., Aug 24, 2010 · Haplogroup E1b1b1, which accounts for approximately 18 to 20 per cent of Ashkenazi and 8.6 per cent to 30 per cent of Sephardic Y-chromosomes, appears to be one of the major founding lineages of ... , The famous Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) may have belonged to haplogroup J2a1-L26 based on the Y-DNA test of his great-great-grandnephew, Lieuwe van Gogh, who is also a Dutch painter. Lieuwe’s great-great-grandfather was Theo van Gogh (1857-1891), the younger brother of Vincent van Gogh., Haplogroup K itself is thought to have originated in Western Asia some 12,000 years ago. A 2006 study by Behar et al., [66] based on high-resolution analysis of Haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", likely of mixed European and ... , Similarly, the E1b1b1-M35 clade (5.5%, 4.2%, 7.8% and 2.9% in Ararat Valley, Gardman, Lake Van and Sasun, respectively) in the four Armenian populations consists almost entirely of haplogroup ..., We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. , It is approximately located at E-M2 and E-M180. Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in northern hemisphere of Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. E1b1 is by far the lineage of greatest geographical distribution. It has two major sub-lineages, E1b1a and E1b1b.