Latin king gang symbols

Sep 13, 2023 · Alongside gang-specific or prison-specific tattoos, there are a number of symbols and designs that can carry universal meanings in the criminal underworld. Tiger – power and strength. Spider web – time spent in prison or time spent ‘caught in the web’ of the inescapable gang lifestyle. Three dots – arranged in a triangle, they stand ...

Latin king gang symbols. The name was changed again in 1959 to Latin Counts, inspired by the Polish Counts gang that operated in the nearby Back of the Yards community. During the 1960s, the Counts came into conflict with other gangs in the Pilsen area such as the Latin Kings, the Satan Disciples and Ambrose. In 1970, a faction broke off from the gang to be named the ...

The symbolism associated with gang colors can be understood in several ways: Identity and Loyalty: Gang colors act as a uniform, a symbol of belonging, and a means of expressing loyalty to a particular gang. Members often wear these colors consistently, whether through clothing, accessories, or even graffiti, to reinforce their affiliation.

Six major New York City gangs are presented in this book: the Bloods, the Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation, the Netas, the Crips, Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), and the Mexican Gangs. Sections within this book include the origin and history of the gang, its structure, rules and regulations, oaths and pledges, symbols and emblems, coded language ...A roaring lion - a favourite Latin Kings symbol - was recently converted to a roaring bear. Eck has to be careful to pick animals that aren't other gangs' symbols. A rabbit, he said, is out.Mar 12, 2014 - This Pin was discovered by Carlos Martinez. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on PinterestTattoos are an excellent tool for law enforcement and corrections officers to use to identify known or suspected gang members. This gallery includes examples of tattoos worn by predominanly Latino gangs such as the Mexican Mafia, MS-13, and the Latin Kings. The number "13" is used because M (or La Eme) is the thirteenth letter of the alphabet and is used to signify the Mexican Mafia, which ...Symbols: II, 2 Dots, Playing Card, 2 of Spades, and Spade: Symbol usage: Playing card with 2 of spades showing. ... On that Halloween night Gonzalez was in his Grove Street home all by himself when Latin King gang members snuck up to being about 190 feet away from the house and fired into the walls of the house with shotguns, rifles and …

La temida facción de los Latin Kings que se transformó de una pandilla callejera a una "empresa criminal con el estilo de la mafia" en EE.UU. Boris Miranda (@ivanbor) BBC News MundoFeb 15, 2024 ... Andy "Rebirth" Pellerano is a former soldier of the Latin Kings, one of America's largest street and prison gangs. Now, he is an evangelical ...The charges include the attempted murders of rival gang members and a Melrose Park Police officer. Thirty four alleged Latin Kings are charged with racketeering conspiracy. A 35th alleged Latin King is charged in the indictment with selling a firearm without a license.By Mary Wisniewski. CHICAGO (Reuters) - The top national leader of the Latin Kings street gang was sentenced to 60 years in federal prison on Wednesday after being convicted last April on ...A "people" gang, the Latin Kings use the colors black and gold/yellow to represent their gang, and the most common symbol they use is a "crown" for "King". The "crown" may have three or five points. They also make exclusive use of the trademark symbol known as the "master", often with a tear drop.Oct 25, 2018 - Explore Bubbles🖤's board "Latin kings " on Pinterest. See more ideas about latin kings gang, king picture, latin.

Gang tag signs refer to distinctive graffiti markings used by street gangs to mark their territories. These symbols, usually consisting of specific colors, letters or numbers, serve as a form of communication and intimidation within the gang community. ... Five-point Crown: A symbol associated with Latin Kings, which denotes respect for ...Stamping Out Gang Symbols on Sports Gear. By Jennifer 8. Lee. October 20, 2008 4:04 pm. City Council members said at a hearing that caps with insignia for the Latin Kings and the Bloods gangs were available for purchase in New York and online at DrJays.com. (Photo: Damion Reid) Who bears the responsibility for gang symbols …The Latin Kings have become one of the largest gangs in the U.S. and are heavily involved in the cocaine business—and they're as dangerous as ever. Boston.com reports that in 2019, 62 members of the Latin Kings were arrested on drug trafficking and homicide charges. The raids conducted to arrest the gang members discovered two children who ...A former enforcer of the Massachusetts chapter of The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation (Latin Kings), was sentenced Tuesday to three years in prison on racketeering charges, according to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). Michael Marrero, also known as "King Clumsy," 41, pleaded guilty back in March to conspiracy to commit ...Teardrop Teardrop. A "teardrop tattoo" is a symbol associated with gangs or prison culture, typically depicting an individual who has recently been released from prison, suffered public humiliation, or is honoring or mourning a loved one who has passed away. Latin Kings Erik Eck, a former member of the Latin Kings, stands in the doorway of his cell at the DuPage County, Ill., Jail ...

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Heavy gang wars were far lessoned or all around ended when the Folk concepts were created. Two Six, Ridgeway Lords, Ambrose and Satan Disciples had a violent three-way-war since the 1960s and this was ended when the Folk alliance was created. The People alliance came out around the same time as Folks or a little after.Question: Discuss the Latin kings beliefs and the hierarchy of their organizations. consider talking about the gang colors and symbols; how does the gang earn money, are they involved in illegal activity? Please note that you MUST cite if used an article or anything.Oct 13, 2018 - Explore Marishka Potochney's board "my life LATIN QUEEN 4LIFE AND BEYOND" on Pinterest. See more ideas about king tattoos, latin kings tattoos, latin.Although there is no formal origin to the idiom “Smile Now, Cry Later,” most people accept that it was derived from the Ancient Greek theatre masks of comedy and tragedy. As of 201...Often associated with secrecy, danger, and rebellion, these gestures are an integral part of gang culture. Today, we embark on an enlightening journey through a comprehensive list of gang signs to shed light on their meanings and origins. 1. Throwing Up "The Sign":However, we unveil its true symbolism tied to the Latin Kings gang - a highly structured criminal organization originating from Chicago streets but stretching far beyond city limits. This peculiar emoji amalgamation subtly combines references to their power dynamics and symbols of respect within this community.

Much of it is meant to send a message, according to experts who decode the graffiti. "You've got Bloods, Crips, People Nation. You've got Nortenas, Sorenos. There are some Latin Kings ...We have compiled a list of the top 10 sports logos that are used as gang symbols. Pages: Page 1 , Page 2 , Page 3 , Page 4 , Page 5 , Page 6 , Page 7 , Page 8 , Page 9 , Page 10 , Page 11 , Page 12To be included in this list, the gang must have a Wikipedia article with references showing it is a California street gang. Prison gangs. Aryan Brotherhood; Black Guerrilla Family; ... Latin Kings (gang) Lopers; Los Angeles crime family; Menace of Destruction; Mongols Motorcycle Club; Moonshiners Motorcycle Club; MS-13; Norteños; Peckerwood ...The defendant, VICENTE GARCIA, Jr., 35, the “Supreme Regional Inca” of the Almighty Latin King Nation, who oversaw the day-to-day illegal activities of all factions of the gang with some 10,000 members in Illinois alone, has been in federal custody since late 2008 and must serve at least 85 percent of his sentence.The Latin Kings are a violent gang comprised of thousands of members across the United States. The Latin Kings adhere to a national manifesto, employ an internal judiciary and use a sophisticated system of communication to maintain the hierarchy of the criminal organization. As alleged in court documents, the gang uses drug distribution to ...The investigation also shone a light on the gang's efforts to conduct business behind bars. Authorities identified 380 Latin Kings members who in the Department of Correction's custody as of ...Alongside gang-specific or prison-specific tattoos, there are a number of symbols and designs that can carry universal meanings in the criminal underworld. Tiger - power and strength. Spider web - time spent in prison or time spent 'caught in the web' of the inescapable gang lifestyle. Three dots - arranged in a triangle, they stand ...Latin King Signs And Symbols . Latin King Signs And Symbols. Home. 32 Crown ideas | gang crime, latin kings gang, gang tattoos . Image #1 | Resolution: 347x236. Latin Kings Logo Krone Symbol Emblem | El jefe …Latin kings gang Stock Photos and Images. RF2CD2963–Latin Kings gang members in Quito, Ecuador. RMBY1Y70–Members of the Latin Kings gang display their gang signs during a rally for racial justice in New York in 1998. RMHXXTG5–Milan (Italy), members of the group Latin Kings participate in a demonstration for immigrant rights.In 1990, war would break out between Latin Kings and Ghetto Brothers Organization. By 1991, the Latin Kings were at war with the Latin Counts and as the decade progressed the Latin Kings were at war with many other People Nation gangs. Factions of Black P Stones, Vice Lords and Mickey Cobras began engaging in wars in certain parts of the city.Introduction: A secret language can lie within a simple hand gesture, ultimately representing a complex history rich in symbolism. The Latin King Gang sign, …

Erik Eck, a former member of the Latin Kings gang stands in the doorway of his cell at the DuPage County, Ill., Jail displaying tattoos that symbolize his status with the gang, Thursday, Feb. 3 ...

Symbols: Shield: Symbol usage: Pitchfork 1980-present. ... The Stylers settled at the same time as the Latin Brothers which started a violent gang rivarly that would last into the 1990s when Hispanics began to migrate out of Austin. ... Around Senn High School the Stylers fought with Latin Kings and Harrison Gents, ...Pages in category "Gangs in Pennsylvania" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect ... Bufalino crime family; F. The Flathead gang; J. Juggalo gangs; K. Keystone United; L. Latin Kings (gang) P. Pagan's Motorcycle Club; Pittsburgh crime family; Polish-American organized crime; S. Sadistic Souls ...Symbols: 3 Point Crown, 5 Point Crown, Lion, and King Head: Symbol usage: 3 point crown – 1960s-1978; 5 point crown – 1978-present, lion, king head with a crown. ... in …The Latin Kings' organizational structure is often regarded as more sophisticated compared to other street gangs like the Bloods and the Crips. Signs/Symbols: Gang Markings: These include a five- or three-point "sacred crown," inscriptions of LK, ALK, ALKN, ALKQN abbreviations, as well as representations of the Lion or the King Master.Influences from the West Coast and the Midwest ("Super Gangs" such as the Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings, and Gangster Disciples) have become prevalent throughout the eastern United States. ALMIGHTY LATIN KING AND QUEEN NATION (AKA LATIN KINGS) ... Websites displaying the colors and symbols of gangs and gang life are making their presence known on ...The Latin Counts is a Latino street gang based in Chicago, Illinois with a significant branch in Detroit, Michigan. It is a member of the People Nation alliance. History. ... The Latin Counts' symbol consists of a depiction of Count Dracula, a knight's helmet, and a sword with five slashes above it. The helmet was inspired by the image on the ...While there are numerous hand signs associated with the Latin Kings gang, here are some of the most common ones: 1. Crowing Hand Sign: The Crowing Hand Sign involves extending the index and middle fingers while folding down the ring finger and pinky finger, representing two crowns overlapping. 2. Five-Pointed Star: Members may form an upward ...A former enforcer of the Massachusetts chapter of The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation (Latin Kings), was sentenced Tuesday to three years in prison on racketeering charges, according to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). Michael Marrero, also known as "King Clumsy," 41, pleaded guilty back in March to conspiracy to commit ...2. Fiend Crip gesture: This gang uses a finger bent at an angle representing the letter "C," symbolizing their affiliation with the crips. 3. Latin Kings pitchfork sign: Formed by crossing thumb and index fingers while extending others in opposite directions, this represents unity within Latin King ranks as well as opposition against rivals. 4.The Latin Kings gang has a variety of rituals that members must participate in, from celebrating specific holidays to various gang signs they use. According to "The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation," by …

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Common gang signs include hand gestures and symbols used by members of specific gangs to communicate with each other or assert their affiliation. Examples include the Crips’ “C” symbol, Bloods’ “B” symbol, and the Latin Kings’ five-pointed crown. These gestures can often be seen as a form of non-verbal communication within these ...Oct 13, 2018 - Explore Marishka Potochney's board "my life LATIN QUEEN 4LIFE AND BEYOND" on Pinterest. See more ideas about king tattoos, latin kings tattoos, latin.The FIVE-POINT CROWN is a symbol of the Latin Kings gang, one of the largest Hispanic gangs in the United States. The crown may be accompanied by the letters ALKN, which stands for Almighty Latin Kings Nation. The five points represent the gang's affiliation to the People Nation gang, which uses the number five.The Latin King gang sign represents the identity, allegiance, and cultural symbols of the gang. Gang signs like this are often deeply rooted in the history and structure of the gang, marking their territory, asserting dominance, and sometimes even commemorating their history through their regalia and symbolism.Norteños ( Spanish pronunciation: [noɾˈteɲos], lit. 'Northerners'; Norteñas for females) are the various, affiliated gangs that pay tribute to Nuestra Familia while in California state and federal correctional facilities. [6] Norteños may refer to Northern California as Norte Califas. Their biggest rivals are the Sureños from Southern ...1980s, posing in front of a tag with the swastica. At the Maniac Ball celebration Prince Rick Dog on the left and Prince Fernie on the right in 1981. old 1980s tag from Barry and California in Avondale. Maniac Latin Disciples with an Imperial Gangster on the far right early 1980s. From left to right: Lil Bum, 1970s.The most recent emblem is the bulldog with a crown. Gang Colors: Black and Gold. Black represents death, Gold represents life. Sequence of Beads: Five Black followed by five Gold for members, five Black followed by two …While each gang may have its distinct repertoire, certain symbols are frequently encountered. These encompass hand signs incorporating finger configurations like Crips' "C," Bloods' "B," or Latin Kings' 'L,' among others. Additionally, observe facial expressions and subtle body movements in specific contexts as they might hold ...The King Cobras along with the "Iron Hands" gang were the first gangs in South Deering and they worked together to keep Latin Kings and other undesirables out. Contrary to popular belief, the meaning behind the King Cobra name has nothing to do with paying homage to Richard "King Cobra" Medina, the fallen leader of the Spanish Cobras.1. Understanding the Origins: Latin Counts gang signs trace their roots back to Latino street culture in Chicago during the 1950s. Born out of necessity for communication between members within a heavily segregated society, these hand signals became an essential tool for identifying allies and enemies alike. 2.The Latin Kings, he said, are part of the People's Nation, an umbrella of gangs based in Chicago, while the Mexican Mob is independent. "The bullet doesn't have a conscience," he said.In 2009, Latin King Members engaged in a fistfight with rival gang members at a gas station and during that fight one of the Latin King members drove a vehicle into a group of rival gang members. In 2010, Latin King Members used two females to lure two rival gang members to a residence where they were stabbed, punched, kicked, and beaten with a ... ….

The origin of this symbol can be traced back to Latin Kings or Almighty Latin King Nation (ALKQN), one of the most notorious street gangs operating both inside correctional institutions and on city streets across America. This gang was founded in Chicago during 1940s by Puerto Rican immigrants seeking protection from racial discrimination.GARCIA, who was a leader in the Latin Kings gang, shot and killed Flores in front of a playground on a residential street in Queens, New York, while Flores was running away from GARCIA. GARCIA was sentenced by U.S District Judge Valerie E. Caproni after being convicted by a jury following a four-day trial in June 2023.In the year 1966, the Latin Kings street gang leader from Wicker Park visited the MarKings and discovered they had something in common. They had the same symbols and both groups dealt with bullying white gangs. The leader of the Latin Kings proposed for these MarKings and their allies to come together.The utilization of a five-pointed star as a gang symbol can often be attributed to several different gangs across varying regions. Primarily associated with organizations such as Almighty Latin King Nation (ALKN), Bloods, and People Nation alliance members like Vice Lords; its meaning may vary accordingly.Answers for latin king crossword clue, 3 letters. Search for crossword clues found in the Daily Celebrity, NY Times, Daily Mirror, Telegraph and major publications. ... GANGS: MS-13 and the Latin Kings GANG: Latin Kings or MS-13 REXES: ... Pull rank in Louvre complex taking in symbols of the Latin queen (8) GANG COLORS: Black and gold, for the ...Mara Salvatrucha, otherwise known as MS-13, is one of the largest, most notorious street gangs in the world. Though it originated in Los Angeles, the gang has deep ties to Mexico's Los Zetas cartel, and since the 1990s and 2000s, it has become a major player in the North American drug trade.. For members of Mara Salvatrucha, marking …Some gang websites suggest the Latin Kings’ roots date to the 1940s in Chicago. At first, the gang was a way for Spanish-speaking residents to band together to protect themselves and their property.Latin Kings Manifesto ... Though primarily thought of as a gang, the LK has quasi-political and quasi-religious aspects. Includes some other documents Addeddate 2008-06-19 19:34:56 Identifier LatinKingsManifesto Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t36115135 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 8.0 ... Latin king gang symbols, A roaring lion – a favourite Latin Kings symbol – was recently converted to a roaring bear. Eck has to be careful to pick animals that aren’t other gangs’ symbols. A rabbit, he said, is out., Represents the Latin Kings gang. Pink: Usually worn for breast cancer awareness. White: Represents peace and unity. Purple: Represents the Grape Street Crips gang. Green: Worn by Bay Area Crips gang. ... Historically, a black handkerchief worn in a certain way was a symbol of anarchist solidarity., Finally, the hard questions are being asked. Finally, the hard questions are being asked. The Delhi High Court is investigating the official response to the Dec. 16 brutal, and ult..., The gang unites and becomes one. Everything that is done is done in the name of the gang and for the gang. The gang becomes each member's family and religion. Identity. The individual member loses his or her identity and becomes one with the gang. He identifies with the gang by wearing colors, tattoos, or brands of the symbol of the gang., FBI officials in Massachusetts said they used about 150 officers to execute 15 raids to arrest members of the Latin Kings gang in Springfield and Holyoke, plus three "associates.", Symbols: II, 2 Dots, Playing Card, 2 of Spades, and Spade: Symbol usage: Playing card with 2 of spades showing. ... On that Halloween night Gonzalez was in his Grove Street home all by himself when Latin King gang members snuck up to being about 190 feet away from the house and fired into the walls of the house with shotguns, rifles and …, Math is a language of symbols and equations and knowing the basic math symbols is the first step in solving mathematical problems. Advertisement Common math symbols give us a langu..., A Latin Kings symbol Over 30 alleged members of the gang were arrested on suspicion of offences including drug trafficking, murder, robbery, and belonging to a criminal organisation., Latin Kings Gang Leaders, Members Arrested in Mass Raid. The operation, five years in the making, focused on the gang's East Coast leadership . By . Talal Ansari. Dec. 5, 2019 2:39 pm ET., 4. Tattoos: Gang members may bear tattoos depicting the name, logo, initials, or other significant symbols related to their respective gang. Gang Symbols: - Disciples (GD): Six-pointed star - Vice Lords (VL): Five-pointed crown - Latin Kings (LK): Three-sided pyramid crowned with five points, This article categorizes these types of symbols as alpha tattoos, numerical tattoos, symbolic/pictorial tattoos, and combination tattoos. Alpha tattoos use letters of the alphabet to depict the name or acronym of the gang. Some examples are AB for the Aryan Brotherhood, AW for Aryan Warrior, and DWB for the Dirty White Boys., Learn more about Hispanic heritage by visiting these Central and South American countries. In honor of Hispanic Heritage Month, TPG has highlighted the most points-friendly cities ..., The gang unites and becomes one. Everything that is done is done in the name of the gang and for the gang. The gang becomes each member's family and religion. Identity. The individual member loses his or her identity and becomes one with the gang. He identifies with the gang by wearing colors, tattoos, or brands of the symbol of the gang., Dec 11, 2023 · The Latin crown is a symbol used by a gang called the Latin Kings. The crown has five points, and they represent love, respect, obedience, honor and sacrifice. The Latin Kings are a Latino gang based in both Chicago and New York City, but it has active chapters throughout the United States. The Latin Kings are considered the largest Latino gang ... , Signs and symbols: The gang’s colors are black, blue and gray and their symbols include a six-point star, pitchforks, hearts with wings, tails and horns. ... Known as the Almighty Latin Kings ..., Jun 7, 2019 - Explore Carlos Martinez's board "Latin kings" on Pinterest. See more ideas about latin kings gang, latin, latin kings tattoos., Explore a collection of meaningful Latin Kings tattoo designs and ideas. Discover the rich symbolism behind these tattoos and find inspiration for your own unique ink. , West Texas Area Gangs Information, Signs, & Symbols Listed Alphabetically - This is not an all inclusive list. Most Wanted West Texas Gang Members. Search: Gang Names Street ... ALKN, "ALKQN" Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation, LK, Pitch fork down, 5 point crown, Amor de Rey, ADR - A-Amor D-De R-Rey - King Love, 5 point crown or star, Pitch ..., SPARTA — The Bloods, the Crips, the Latin Kings — these infamous street gangs have all had a presence in Sussex County, if only in minor ways. But one local detective said that the real threat ..., The Latin Kings gang began in Chicago's west side Little Village community, and spread throughout the city, Illinois, and into other states, where local leaders acted with some autonomy but adhered to the rules and hierarchy of the gang that now has about 10,000 Illinois members. Related: VIDEO: Latin King's Gang Signs. PHOTOS: Hispanic Gang ..., Chicago Gang Graffiti implements these symbols in positive and negative ways. The enemy will either turn a rival symbol upside down, run a jagged edge through it, or blow it up. One main difference with Chicago Gang Graffiti is that gangs do not cross out their rivals. However with the advent of Los Angeles gangs moving into the Midwest and …, Duke Deuce. Foogiano. Zach Randolph. The Gangster Disciple Nation (often abbreviated as the GD's, formally GDN ), also known as Growth & Development, is an African American street and prison gang which was formed in 1968 by Larry Hoover and David Barksdale. The two rival gangsters united together to form the Black Gangster Disciple Nation ( BGDN )., The 5 point star is a symbols used by gangs in the People Nation, such as the Almighty Latin King & Queen Nation, Almighty Vice Lords Nation, & the Almighty Black P. Stones Nation, to name ..., A "people" gang, the Latin Kings use the colors black and gold/yellow to represent their gang, and the most common symbol they use is a "crown" for "King". The "crown" may have three or five points. They also make exclusive use of the trademark symbol known as the "master", often with a tear drop., Police Code of Silence/Larry Hoover and Jeff Fort and gang issues / Prison Staff /Gangs / Part 4 If you enjoy our video platform, please use this Media platform by letting Shaymay Media Productions Video Production L.L.C. help you with your Video Produc..., Fellow Kings and Queens. It is with my crown raised high that I welcome you to www.ALKQN.org, a site owned and operated by members of the Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation who are committed to the truth of the crown. The Celestial Chapter. Over the years, this website has served as a positive resource for many throughout the world and …, Feb 26, 2021 - Explore carmen Garcia's board "Latin" on Pinterest. See more ideas about gang signs, latin kings gang, chicago gangs., The Latin kings is recognized as purely criminal organization and members o this gang are believed to be responsible or a number o heinous crimes across the streets of America. The Latin kings is said to be behind every major crime that takes place in Chicago. Whatever was the reason of its forming but currently this is an entirely criminal gang., The first tattoo Eck had covered was one on his arm of the Latin Kings' initials. Jail-sanctioned tattooist Tom Begley inked the image of a deer over it in a four-hour session in February. Covering all of Eck's gang tattoos will take months. A roaring lion — a favorite Latin Kings symbol — was recently converted to a roaring bear., A former enforcer of the Massachusetts chapter of The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation (Latin Kings), was sentenced Tuesday to three years in prison on racketeering charges, according to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). Michael Marrero, also known as “King Clumsy,” 41, pleaded guilty back in March to conspiracy to commit ..., To be included in this list, the gang must have a Wikipedia article with references showing it is a California street gang. Prison gangs. Aryan Brotherhood; Black Guerrilla Family; ... Latin Kings (gang) Lopers; Los Angeles crime family; Menace of Destruction; Mongols Motorcycle Club; Moonshiners Motorcycle Club; MS-13; Norteños; Peckerwood ..., On Oct. 25, a federal jury convicted a Latin King gang member of two counts of sex trafficking by force, fraud, or coercion; obstruction of sex trafficking enforcement, and use of interstate facilities in aid of racketeering. The convictions followed a seven-day jury trial in front of Chief District Judge Cecilia M. Altonaga in Miami., PROVIDENCE - A federal judge on Wednesday agreed to release a former Almighty Latin King Nation gang member convicted in a deadly carjacking almost three decades ago based on his youth at the time of his crimes, rehabilitation, and the excessiveness of his sentence.. U.S. District Court Chief Judge John J. McConnell Jr. cited evolving U.S. Supreme Court case law recognizing the differences ...