Shortness of breath nursing diagnosis

Mar 2, 2021 · Shortness of breath can result in a resident triggering Quality Measures for decline in activities. The decline in activity may lead to pressure ulcers, falls, depression, anxiety, or other adverse events—all of which could impact quality outcomes and be reflected in the Quality Measures. Adequately assessing the root-cause of the shortness ...

Shortness of breath nursing diagnosis. Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue related to decreasing oxygen level in the blood secondary to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome as evidenced by overwhelming weakness, increased heart rate and respiratory rate, inability to perform daily activities, irritability, dyspnea, and shortness of breath during exertion.

Breathlessness (dyspnoea) can be an extremely distressing sensation, often characterised by rapid and difficult breathing. It is associated with a range of other acute and long-term conditions, and is a key symptom of Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) that has resulted in a global pandemic.

Your healthcare provider may order pulmonary function tests if you have lung or airway symptoms like cough or shortness of breath, are undergoing surgery or use tobacco products (smoke). These symptoms may include: Chest tightness, pain or pressure. Coughing, especially if you produce mucus or phlegm. Difficulty breathing or taking a …1. Auscultate breath sounds and vital signs. Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and sp02 closely. Auscultate lungs to assess for adventitious sounds such as rhonchi which could signal retained secretions. 2. Note the type of breathing pattern. Observe the rate, depth, and irregularity of the breathing pattern.6 Pulmonary Tuberculosis Nursing Care Plans. Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing pulmonary …NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses Definition Selected Defining Characteristics; Impaired Gas Exchange: ... Adventitious breath sounds. Alteration in respiratory rate. Dyspnea.Shortness of breath is a nonspecific symptom with many possible causes and degrees of severity, making the evaluation of these patients ... It is important to consider the critical diagnoses in your evaluation and look for patterns in the history and physical exam. Additional tests can be helpful in establishing a diagnosis orDyspnea: when a patient experiences a shortness of breath. Orthopnea: when a patient has a more challenging time breathing while lying down. Tachypnea: …Emphysema is an incurable lung disease that’s characterized by thinning and degradation of the air sacs called alveoli in the lungs. The damage to alveoli causes patients to have s...Explore the best online bachelor's in nursing programs and discover which online prerequisites for nursing you need to start your educational journey. Updated April 19, 2023 thebes...

Shortness of breath/dyspnea; Respiratory depth changes; Alterations in ABGs; Expected outcomes: Patient will demonstrate an effective respiratory pattern as indicated by a respiratory rate within 12-20 breaths/min with normal depth and absence of cyanosis. Patient will express the relief of shortness of breath/dyspnea.#1 Sample nursing care plan for CHF – Impaired gas exchange Nursing Assessment. Subjective Data: Reported increased shortness of breath; Using 3 pillows to sleep at night (increase from usual 1 pillow) Decreased activity level due to shortness of breath; Objective Data: Tachypneic, respiratory rate of 30 breaths/minute; Crackles in …Everyone has a story about a nurse from Kerala. Whether you live in India or abroad, whether you’ve checked into a hospital as a patient or dropped in as a visitor, chances are you...An 81-year-old man presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Within a few hours after presentation, chest pain and respiratory distress developed. A chest radiograph showed bilateral pa...Jan 14, 2017 · Background Dyspnea (breathing discomfort) is a common and distressing symptom. Routine assessment and documentation can improve management and relieve suffering. A major barrier to routine dyspnea documentation is the concern that it will have a deleterious effect on nursing workflow and that it will not be readily accepted by nurses. Nurses at our institution recently began to assess and ... Subjectives. This condition of impaired spontaneous ventilation can present with many different subject symptoms. These typically include a feeling of shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue, confusion and anxiety. Other related physical symptoms may consist of chest pain, labored breathing, tachypnea (rapid breathing) and cyanosis (blue ... An 81-year-old man presented with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Within a few hours after presentation, chest pain and respiratory distress developed. A chest radiograph showed bilateral pa...

Everyone has a story about a nurse from Kerala. Whether you live in India or abroad, whether you’ve checked into a hospital as a patient or dropped in as a visitor, chances are you...Explore the best online bachelor's in nursing programs and discover which online prerequisites for nursing you need to start your educational journey. Updated April 19, 2023 thebes...A 74 year old male presents to the ER with complaints of swelling in legs and feet, shortness of breath with any type of activity, non-radiating chest pain, increase cough, and the inability to sleep laying down at night. ... Nursing Diagnosis: Fluid volume overload related to decreased cardiac output as evidence by ejection fraction of 35% ...2. Administer pain medications as indicated. The heart rate can be slowed by medications to treat pain in tachycardia. Morphine can lessen the workload on the heart, slowing breathing and heart rate. 3. Ask the patient to perform vagal maneuvers. Instruct the patient to cough or bear down as if having a bowel movement.

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Dyspnea ( shortness of breath) upon exertion or lying down. Jugular vein distention (JVD) Fatigue and reduced ability to exercise. Peripheral edema (swelling of …The defining characteristics include the subjective words describing dyspnea, such as shortness of breath, suffocation, and tightness. The most supported objective sign of dyspnea in the literature is an increased use of accessory muscles of respiration. Nursing interventions for dyspnea relief are geared toward reducing the afferent activity ...Introduction. Dyspnea is a broad term indicating a variety of unpleasant sensations related to breathing, including air hunger (the sensation which can be elicited by prolonging a breath-hold), sense of work/effort, or of chest tightness [1, 2].Dyspnea can vary in intensity and quality depending on the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, …Shortness of breath/dyspnea; Respiratory depth changes; Alterations in ABGs; Expected outcomes: Patient will demonstrate an effective respiratory pattern as indicated by a respiratory rate within 12-20 breaths/min with normal depth and absence of cyanosis. Patient will express the relief of shortness of breath/dyspnea.Among adults without reported COPD, the 3 respiratory symptoms indicating COPD (chronic cough, phlegm or mucus production, shortness of breath) were …1. Frequently assess the patient’s lung sounds and respirations. Adventitious lung sounds are expected with emphysema. Monitor for rhonchi or crackles that signal an infection, such as pneumonia. Monitor for changes in respiratory patterns for impending respiratory distress. 2. Assess oxygen saturation.

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient? 1. Decreased Cardiac Output 2. Ineffective Airway Clearance 3. Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance 4. Anxiety, The health care provider's orders for this patient include all of the following. Which intervention should you complete first? 1. …Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) is a common emergency presentation and is a symptom of many different medical conditions, both acute and chronic. Most cases of acute shortness of breath are due to lung and breathing disorders, cardiovascular disease, or chest trauma. It is a condition which some patients may experience many times due to ...It can be caused by problems with the lungs or with the heart, or by a low blood count, but its specific cause can sometimes take a while to pinpoint. Luckily, most …Hiccups can be long-term or short-term. Learn whether anesthesia can cause hiccups in this article. Advertisement While doctors know how hiccups work, they don't really know why hi...Nursing Diagnosis: Activity intolerance related to myocardial imbalance between oxygen supply and demand secondary to M.I. as evidenced by fatigue, overwhelming lack of energy, verbalization of tiredness, generalized weakness, and shortness of breath upon exertion. Risk for Ineffective Tissue PerfusionDyspnea, also known as shortness of breath, is a patient's perceived difficulty to breathe. Sensations and intensity can vary and are subjective. It is a prevalent symptom impacting millions of people. It may be the primary manifestation of respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, or systemic illnesses, or a combination of these. Dyspnea on exertion is a similar sensation. However ...Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan Dyspnea often called shortness of breath (SOB), is used to describe difficult or labored breathing often with an increased respiratory rate. Shortness of breath is not a disease but a symptom. Dyspnea can be acute or chronic depending on the causative factor.The evaluation of the respiratory system includes collecting subjective and objective data through a detailed interview and physical examination of the thorax and lungs. This examination can offer significant clues related to issues associated with the body’s ability to obtain adequate oxygen to perform daily functions. Inadequacy in respiratory function …2. Administer pain medications as indicated. The heart rate can be slowed by medications to treat pain in tachycardia. Morphine can lessen the workload on the heart, slowing breathing and heart rate. 3. Ask the patient to perform vagal maneuvers. Instruct the patient to cough or bear down as if having a bowel movement.

Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange related to pulmonary edema as evidenced by shortness of breath, SpO2 level of 85%, productive cough, and frothy phlegm Desired Outcome: The patient will maintain optimal gas exchange as evidenced by respiratory rates between 12 to 20 breaths per minutes, oxygen saturation above 96% on room air (88-92% if ...

Breathlessness (shortness of breath or dyspnoea) is a common symptom associated with a range of acute and chronic conditions, including COPD, asthma, lung cancer, heart failure, AF and obesity. Outcomes for these conditions can be improved with an early diagnosis. In the NHS, diagnostics have traditionally been offered in hospital settings. However, rising …Acid reflux. Anaphylaxis (a severe type of allergic reaction) Neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Other lung diseases such as sarcoidosis and bronchiectasis. Lack of regular exercise. Before dismissing shortness of breath as being due to inactivity, talk to your healthcare professional.Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of heart arrhythmia. It is due to abnormal electrical activity within the atria of the heart causing them to fibrillate. Is characterized as a tachyarrhythmia, which means that the heart rate is often fast. This arrhythmia may be paroxysmal (less than 7 days) or persistent (more than 7 days). Due to its rhythm irregularity, blood flow through the ...Anemia is a condition where a patient has a below normal level of red blood cells. This can cause symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, weakness and shortness of breath.Asthma involves many pathophysiologic factors, including bronchiolar inflammation with airway constriction and resistance that manifests as epi­sodes of coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Asthma can affect the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Inflammation can exist even though obvious signs and symptoms of asthma …Jan 14, 2017 · Background Dyspnea (breathing discomfort) is a common and distressing symptom. Routine assessment and documentation can improve management and relieve suffering. A major barrier to routine dyspnea documentation is the concern that it will have a deleterious effect on nursing workflow and that it will not be readily accepted by nurses. Nurses at our institution recently began to assess and ... When symptoms are present, they often develop suddenly. 1 The most common symptoms associated with a pneumothorax are shortness of breath and chest pain. 1,4 Patients will often describe the chest pain as severe, sharp, and stabbing. 1 They may also report chest pain that radiates to the shoulder and arm. 1 If the patient has an open wound, the nurse …Aug 10, 2020 · Breathlessness (dyspnoea) can be an extremely distressing sensation, often characterised by rapid and difficult breathing. It is associated with a range of other acute and long-term conditions, and is a key symptom of Covid-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) that has resulted in a global pandemic. A client is being admitted from the emergency room reporting shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. What would the nurse formulate as an appropriate nursing diagnosis? A. Asthma Attack B. Acute Dyspnea C. Bronchial Pneumonia D. Ineffective Airway Clearance

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Jun 11, 2023 · RN, BSN, PHN. Ineffective breathing pattern refers to an abnormal or inefficient way of breathing that hampers the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. The patient may experience difficulties in taking in an adequate amount of air or exhaling fully. This can result in a decreased oxygen supply to the body’s tissues and an ... Shortness of breath treatment depends on the underlying cause and duration of symptoms. Once that is determined, you and your physician can work together to create a treatment plan. If obesity or poor health is the cause, you will need to make lifestyle changes to manage your shortness of breath. Maintaining a healthy diet and exercising ...Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is defined as a subjective feeling of difficulty breathing or breathlessness. undefined#ref6">6 Shortness of breath may be caused by many different conditions, such as acute respiratory failure (ARF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary …Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Gas Exchange related to pulmonary edema as evidenced by shortness of breath, SpO2 level of 85%, productive cough, and frothy phlegm Desired Outcome: The patient will maintain optimal gas exchange as evidenced by respiratory rates between 12 to 20 breaths per minutes, oxygen saturation above 96% …CDC - Blogs - NIOSH Science Blog – Celebrating Nurses - Could there be a more fitting year to honor nurses? As 2020 comes to a close, so does our blog series celebrating the Year o...Atelectasis Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Care Plan for Atelectasis 1. Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to atelectasis as evidenced by shortness of breath, SpO2 level of 85%, respiratory rate of 27, cough, rapid and shallow breathing, chest pain when breathing, cold and clammy skin, and restlessnessDiagnostic Procedures. Note: Since chest pain and shortness of breath can also be the primary symptom of heart attack, pneumonia, pneumothorax (lung collapse), dissection of an aortic aneurysm (damage in the aorta), and other disorders, the physical examination will initially focus on the heart and lungs. 1. Hook the patient to an …Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) is a common emergency presentation and is a symptom of many different medical conditions, both acute and chronic. Most cases of acute shortness of breath are due to lung and breathing disorders, cardiovascular disease, or chest trauma. It is a condition which some patients may experience many … ….

Jul 25, 2022 ... How do you pick the best nursing diagnosis?! https://youtu.be/60E7ESDiGco Free Nursing Care Plans ...Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, can be caused by various factors and can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Learn more about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for dyspnea ... Dyspnea often called shortness of breath (SOB), is used to describe difficult or labored breathing often with an increased respiratory rate. Shortness of breath is not a disease but a symptom. Dyspnea can be acute or chronic depending on the causative factor. Related factors include: Shortness of breath (SOB) is the feeling of running out ... The common symptoms of COPD include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness. COPD can also cause fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty sleeping. Diagnosis of COPD. ... To address these nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions such as providing education, administering medications, implementing fall …Breathlessness: Summary. Breathlessness is a subjective, distressing sensation of awareness of difficulty with breathing. Breathlessness can be classified by its speed of onset as: Acute — when it develops over minutes. Subacute — when it develops over hours or days. Chronic — when it develops over weeks or months.Breathlessness: Summary. Breathlessness is a subjective, distressing sensation of awareness of difficulty with breathing. Breathlessness can be classified by its speed of onset as: Acute — when it develops over minutes. Subacute — when it develops over hours or days. Chronic — when it develops over weeks or months.Shortness of breath has lots of different causes. Common causes include: asthma. a chest infection. being overweight. smoking. a panic attack. But sometimes shortness of breath could be a sign of something more serious, such as: a lung condition called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output related to alterations in rate, rhythm, and electrical conduction secondary to fluid overload as evidenced by increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure, decreased urine output, extra heart sounds, edema, and shortness of breath. Desired Outcome:The nursing diagnosis of activity intolerance is defined as a person having insufficient physiologic or psychological energy to endure or complete their required or desired daily activities. This can include a wide spectrum of individuals from a pediatric patient to the elderly patient. Individuals that have experienced a decrease in activity ...Background Dyspnea (breathing discomfort) is a common and distressing symptom. Routine assessment and documentation can improve management and relieve suffering. A major barrier to routine dyspnea documentation is the concern that it will have a deleterious effect on nursing workflow and that it will not be readily accepted by nurses. Nurses at our institution recently began to assess and ... Shortness of breath nursing diagnosis, Through these nursing diagnoses, an effective nursing care plan can be formulated to provide optimal and individualized nursing care. However, here are some examples to consider: Activity Intolerance related to chronic respiratory conditions (e.g., COPD) as evidenced by shortness of breath during minimal physical exertion, use of accessory ..., Ineffective Airway Clearance Nursing Interventions. Administer supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators as prescribed. Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises. Position the client upright to promote lung expansion. Assist the client with positioning to promote effective breathing. Monitor the client’s oxygen saturation levels and lung ..., Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of heart arrhythmia. It is due to abnormal electrical activity within the atria of the heart causing them to fibrillate. Is characterized as a tachyarrhythmia, which means that the heart rate is often fast. This arrhythmia may be paroxysmal (less than 7 days) or persistent (more than 7 days). Due to its rhythm irregularity, blood flow through the ..., Shortness of breath describes the sensation of not being able to breathe in a sufficient amount of air. Medically speaking, this state is known as dyspnea, and, in some cases, can ..., This may indicate ineffective airway clearance. Auscultation helps the nurse assess the flow of air through the bronchial tree and evaluate the presence of fluid or solid obstruction in the lung. There are different kinds of adventitious breath sounds, and may include the following: Decreased or absent breath sounds., Acid reflux. Anaphylaxis (a severe type of allergic reaction) Neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Other lung diseases such as sarcoidosis and bronchiectasis. Lack of regular exercise. Before dismissing shortness of breath as being due to inactivity, talk to your healthcare professional., Nursing Diagnosis. Decreased cardiac output related to blood flow obstruction as evidenced by fatigue, shortness of breath, and right heart strain. Goal/Desired Outcome. Short-term goal: The patient remains hemodynamically stable overnight with a reduction in chest pain and shortness of breath by the end of the shift., In the U.S., up to 4 million emergency room visits every year involve shortness of breath. One study found that 13% of all emergency medical service (EMS) calls are for breathing problems.. If you ..., Nursing Diagnosis: Activity intolerance related to myocardial imbalance between oxygen supply and demand secondary to M.I. as evidenced by fatigue, overwhelming lack of energy, verbalization of tiredness, generalized weakness, and shortness of breath upon exertion. Risk for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which is an accurately phrased risk diagnosis? a) Risk for Impaired Coping as evidenced by client crying. b) Risk for Falls related to altered mobility. c) Risk for Pain After Surgery. d) Risk for Fluid Volume Excess related to increased oral intake as evidenced by consuming 3 L of soda., A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed ..., Lymphomas are divided into two types - Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Hodgkin's lymphoma is sometimes called Hodgkin's disease. Written by a GP Try our Symptom Che..., Introduction. Shortness of breath is a very common cause of Emergency Department visits. In the United States, pneumonia, COPD exacerbation, heart failure exacerbation and dysrhythmias round out the top five reasons for hospital admission in patients 45 and older, after chest pain. All of those conditions, and many others, can cause shortness ..., The body diverts blood away from less vital organs, particularly muscles in the limbs, and sends it to the heart and brain. Lack of appetite, nausea. ... a feeling of being full or sick to your stomach. The digestive system receives less blood, causing problems with digestion. Confusion, impaired thinking., This nursing best practice guidelineis a comprehensive document providing resources necessary for the support of evidence-based nursing practice. The document needs to be reviewed and applied, based on the specific needs of the organization or practice setting/environment, as well as the needs and wishes of the client., Dyspnea (pronounced “DISP-nee-uh”) is the word healthcare providers use for feeling short of breath. You might describe it as not being able to get enough air (“air hunger”), chest tightness or working harder to breathe. Shortness of breath is often a symptom of heart and lung problems. But it can also be a sign of other conditions like ..., Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client is being admitted from the emergency room reporting shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. What would the nurse formulate as an appropriate nursing diagnosis?, When writing an actual nursing diagnosis, the nurse includes the etiology that contributes to the current situation. This would be identified as:, A client ..., Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine Happy Nurses Week! National Nurses Week occurs every year from May 6-12 in honor o..., Heart failure. B. (Acute pain is the only NANDA-I approved diagnosis listed. Sleep apnea and heart failure are medical diagnoses, and sore throat is subjective data.) A nurse develops a nursing diagnostic statement for a patient with a medical diagnosis of pneumonia with chest x-ray results of lower lobe infiltrates. , Anemia is a condition where a patient has a below normal level of red blood cells. This can cause symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, weakness and shortness of breath., Types of interventions. We will include interventions targeting respiration to relieve breathlessness according to the following prespecified categories. Breathing training or breathing control exercises (e.g. diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, body position exercises, respiratory muscle training)., Dyspnea, or breathing discomfort, is a common symptom that afflicts millions of patients with pulmonary disease and may be the primary manifestation of lung disease, myocardial ischemia or dysfunction, anemia, neuromuscular disorders, obesity, or deconditioning. Examination of the language of dyspnea suggests that this symptom …, Last revised in February 2022. Assessment. Investigations. Cardiac causes. Pulmonary causes. Other common causes. The content on the NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries site (CKS) is the copyright of Clarity Informatics Limited (trading as Agilio Software Primary Care). By using CKS, you agree to the licence set out in the CKS End User Licence ..., Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output related to alterations in rate, rhythm, and electrical conduction secondary to fluid overload as evidenced by increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure, decreased urine output, extra heart sounds, edema, and shortness of breath. Desired Outcome:, An Activity Intolerance nursing diagnosis that can be used when a person has difficulty completing activities due to fatigue, pain, or breathlessness. Activity intolerance may also occur when an individual has difficulty mobilizing due to weakness or stiffness. Nursing interventions for activity intolerance include providing rest periods ..., Background Dyspnea (breathing discomfort) is a common and distressing symptom. Routine assessment and documentation can improve management and relieve suffering. A major barrier to routine dyspnea documentation is the concern that it will have a deleterious effect on nursing workflow and that it will not be readily accepted by nurses. Nurses at our institution recently began to assess and ..., What is defined as shortness of breath? Shortness of breath — known medically as dyspnea — is often described as an intense tightening in the chest, air hunger, difficulty breathing, breathlessness or a feeling of suffocation. Very strenuous exercise, extreme temperatures, obesity and higher altitude all can cause shortness of breath in …, Gather a comprehensive patient history, focusing on respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, and sputum production. Inquire about the onset, duration, and progression of these symptoms. Explore relevant risk factors, including smoking history, exposure to environmental pollutants, and any pre-existing respiratory conditions., When symptoms are present, they often develop suddenly. 1 The most common symptoms associated with a pneumothorax are shortness of breath and chest pain. 1,4 Patients will often describe the chest pain as severe, sharp, and stabbing. 1 They may also report chest pain that radiates to the shoulder and arm. 1 If the patient has an open wound, the nurse …, Fi- nosis alerts the nurse to anticipate Since retention of pulmonary nally, a change in the usual environ- certain problems, and these prob- secretions also interferes with ment for sleep can be disruptive. In lems can be articulated using the breathing capacity, the client needs one study of COPD clients, it was nursing diagnosis nomenclature., Acute dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is one of the most common chief complaints in the ED. The differential diagnosis includes many disorders that can be divided based on obstructive, parenchymal, cardiac, and compensatory features. A careful history can begin to narrow this wide differential., 1. Bronchitis is rarely caused by bacteria, so antibiotics are not usually recommended. Care is supportive and centered on relieving symptoms. 2. Control the cough and sputum production. Avoiding environmental irritants (especially cigarette smoke) is imperative to control cough and sputum production. 3., Dyspnea: when a patient experiences a shortness of breath. Orthopnea: when a patient has a more challenging time breathing while lying down. Tachypnea: characterized by shallow breathing, this is when the patient takes short and fast breaths. Similarly, hyperventilation, when the patient takes deep, fast breaths, is a sign., Through these nursing diagnoses, an effective nursing care plan can be formulated to provide optimal and individualized nursing care. However, here are some examples to consider: Activity Intolerance related to chronic respiratory conditions (e.g., COPD) as evidenced by shortness of breath during minimal physical exertion, use of accessory ...